教育不平等对居民收入差距影响的空间效应与门槛特征——基于典型地区的分析

The Spatial Effect and Threshold Characteristics of Educational Inequality on Residents’Income Gap--Analysis Based on Typical Areas

根据2001—2017年我国教育和经济相关统计数据,运用空间动态计量模型和门槛面板模型探讨教育不平等对居民收入差距的影响与门槛特征,研究发现:教育不平等对居民收入差距的影响存在着显著的空间效应,是影响居民收入差距的重要因素;居民受教育年限、产业结构水平和对外开放水平对居民收入差距均产生显著的正向影响,但固定资产投资水平对居民收入差距的影响相对要较小。因此,政府应加大财政教育支出,尤其是中西部的基础教育财政支出,减小教育不平等,同时优化经济布局,实现我国东中西部地区经济均衡发展。

On the basis of China’s educational and economic statistics from 2001 to 2017, the influence of education inequality on residents’ income gap and the threshold characteristics are discussed with spatial dynamic econometric model and threshold panel model. It is found that: there is a significant spatial effect of educational inequality on residents’ income gap, which is an critical factor in this respect;residents’ education level, industrial structure level and opening to the outside world all have a significantly positive impact on residents’ income gap, but the fixed asset investment level has a relatively small impact on residents’ income gap. Therefore, the government should increase the financial expenditure on education, especially on elementary education in the central and western regions, reduce the educational inequality, optimize the economy layout,and realize the balanced economic development in the eastern and western regions of China.