养老机构失能老人主观幸福感和心理韧性的现状及影响因素研究

Investigation on Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Subjective Well-being and Psychological Resilience of Disabled Elderly in Pension Institutions

目的了解养老机构失能老人主观幸福感、心理韧性的现状,分析其影响因素及相互关系。方法采用方便抽样的方法,于2018年12月至2020年1月选取成都市某4所养老机构172名失能老人为研究对象,采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)、心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)和主观幸福感量表评估失能老人的失能程度、心理韧性和主观幸福感情况,探讨其影响因素及相互关系。结果养老机构失能老人主观幸福感指数、生活满意度、情感平衡得分分别为(9.60±3.19)分、(22.15±6.47)分、(5.01±2.15)分,影响因素有失能程度、家庭关系状况和与周围人的关系满意度(P<0.05);失能老人心理韧性得分为(48.87±15.06)分,影响因素有失能程度、文化程度、经济情况、家庭关系状况以及与周围人的关系满意度(P<0.05)。相关分析结果表明,养老机构失能老人心理韧性及其3个维度(坚韧性、自强性、乐观性)与主观幸福感的幸福感指数、生活满意度、情感平衡呈正相关(P<0.001),心理韧性对养老机构失能老人的主观幸福感有预测作用(P<0.001)。结论养老机构失能老人主观幸福感、心理韧性处于中等偏下水平,二者呈正相关。养老机构及社会应采取针对性的措施,提高失能老人的主观幸福感。

Objective To understand the status quo of subjective well-being and psychological resilience of disabled elderly in pension institutions,and analyze the influencing factors and their relationship.Methods A total of 172 disabled elderly people from 4 pension institutions in Chengdu from December 2018 to January 2020 were included by means of convenient sampling.Activities of Daily Living(ADL)scale,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)and Subjective Well-being Scale were used to assess the degree of disability,psychological resilience and subjective well-being of the disabled elderly.The influencing factors and their relationship were explored.Results The subjective well-being indicators of disabled elderly in pension institutions,namely happiness index,satisfaction with life and emotional balance,scored(9.60±3.19)points,(22.15±6.47)points,and(5.01±2.15)points,respectively.The influencing factors of subjective well-being were the degree of disability,family relationship and satisfaction of relationship with people around(P<0.05).The score of psychological resilience was(48.87±15.06)points,and the influencing factors included degree of disability,education,economic status,family relationship,and satisfaction of relationship with people around(P<0.05).Correlation analysis results showed that psychological resilience of disabled elderly in pension institutions and its three dimensions(tenacity,self-improvement and optimism)were positively correlated with the three subjective well-being indicators,namely happiness index,satisfaction with life and emotional balance(P<0.001),and psychological resilience had a significant predictive effect on subjective well-being of disabled elderly in pension institutions(P<0.001).Conclusion The subjective well-being and psychological resilience of the disabled elderly in pension institutions are at a medium or lower level,and the two are positively correlated.Pension institutions and society should take targeted measures to improve the subjective well-being of the disabled elderly.