静脉采血持针器的使用现状及其职业暴露调查

Investigation on the Use of Needle Holder and Occupational Exposure During Venous Blood Sampling

目的调查国内护士静脉采血时,持针器的使用现状及其职业暴露情况。方法本研究自制问卷(信度克隆巴赫α系数为0.815,效度Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin系数为0.864),运用问卷星制作电子调查问卷,采用滚雪球抽样方法,选取2019年8-9月多家三级甲等医院符合纳入标准的护士330名作为研究对象,调查静脉采血持针器的使用现状及其职业暴露情况。结果本调查发放问卷共330份,回收有效问卷共305份,问卷有效率92.42%,覆盖多家三级甲等医院,涉及多个科室。静脉采血时持针器50%以上使用率为52.79%,职业暴露发生率为20.33%(其中针刺伤的发生率为9.84%)。单因素分析显示,静脉采血时发生血源性职业暴露的影响因素是采血时使用持针器的频率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,采血时使用持针器的频率为静脉采血时职业暴露发生率的保护性因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论静脉采血时使用持针器的频率越高,职业暴露的发生率越低,持针器可在静脉采血过程中起到有效保护作用。

Objective To investigate the status quo of the use of needle holders and occupational exposure of domestic nurses during venous blood sampling.Methods Self-made electronic questionnaire(powered by www.wjx.cn,a professional online questionnaire survey platform)was used,of which the Cronbach′sαcoefficient of reliability was 0.815,and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient of validity was 0.864.A total of 330 nurses who met the inclusion criteria were selected from August to September 2019 in several top hospitals as research objects by snowball sampling method.Results A total of 330 questionnaires were distributed and 305 valid questionnaires were recovered in this survey,with a valid rate of 92.42%,covering a number of Grade III and Class A hospitals and involving multiple departments.During venous blood sampling,the usage rate of needle holders over 50%was 52.79%,and the incidence of occupational exposure was 20.33%(of which the incidence of needle injury was 9.84%).Univariate analysis showed that,during venous blood sampling,the frequency of needle holder usage was the factor influencing the occurrence of blood-borne occupational exposure,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that,during venous blood sampling,the frequency of needle holder usage was a protective factor for the incidence of occupational exposure,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion During venous blood sampling,the higher the frequency of needle holder usage,the lower the incidence of occupational exposure.Needle holders can play an effective protective role in the process of venous blood sampling.