国际民航组织语言政策:多语和单语的博弈与平衡

A Study of Language Policy in ICAO:Interplay of Multilingualism and Monolingualism

国际民航组织的语言政策分为多语的行政语言政策和单语的航空语言政策两种,前者包括该组织行政机构的官方语言政策和工作语言政策,后者指航空英语政策。国际民航组织需要在3个方面处理好多语和单语的博弈与平衡。在政策制定方面,尊重语言多样性、维护各国语言象征地位等要求多语,而提高交际效率、节省翻译成本和保障航空安全则要求单语,行政多语和航空英语的混合语言政策较好地解决了语言正义与现实需求之间的矛盾。在政策实施方面,面对现实,行政多语只能是有限的多语,而航空语言在某些管理空间则需多语服务,故语言的平衡问题有待妥善处理。在政策成分表现方面,语言信仰是多语制,但在语言实践中却是单语行为,所思和所为有博弈、有冲突;语言管理跟语言信仰、语言实践之间也存在一些非对称现象。了解、分析和应用国际民航组织的语言政策,可以促进中国民航强国的建设与发展,促进中国参与国际民航组织的全球治理工作,促进中文在该组织地位和作用的提高。

The language policy(LP)of the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)is composed of multilingual administrative LP and monolingual aviation LP.The former is subdivided into offi cial language policy and working language policy,and the latter is aviation English policy.Such ICAO LPs can,to some extent,tackle the paradox of linguistic justice and linguistic reality,but there are still many challenges about the priority and balance of multilingualism and monolingualism to be handled during the processes of policy-making,policy implementation and representation of three LP components in ICAO.Fi-nally,the author argues that,the study and implementation of ICAO LPs will be benefi cial to the advancement of Chinese civil aviation,China’s participation in global governance in ICAO and better use of the Chinese language in this organization.