安徽省水稻区试品种稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性分析

Rice Blast and Bacterial Blight of Regional Trial Rice Varieties in Anhui Province:Resistance Analysis

旨在明确2017—2020年安徽省参试水稻品种对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性情况。用人工喷雾接种和自然诱发相结合的方法测得品种对稻瘟病的抗性,用剪叶接菌方法测得品种对白叶枯病的抗性。结果表明:659个水稻品种中,48.10%表现为中感稻瘟病,其次为中抗、感、高感,表现为抗病的品种仅占1.06%,没有高抗品种。51.59%表现为感白叶枯病,其次为中感、中抗、抗、高感,没有高抗品种。籼稻的抗稻瘟病率(42.78%)大于粳稻(17.89%),籼稻的抗白叶枯病率(4.81%)小于粳稻(22.81%)。参试品种抗稻瘟病率逐年下降,抗白叶枯病率呈"下降—上升—下降"趋势,兼抗两病的品种占比为1.16%~3.07%,逐年上升。可见,参试品种对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性水平一般,籼稻和粳稻的抗病性存在差异,年度间抗病率变化较大。

The aim is to clarify the resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight of the tested varieties in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020.The resistance of varieties to rice blast was measured by combining artificial spray inoculation and natural induction,and the resistance of varieties to bacterial blight was measured by leaf shearing method.The results showed that among the 659 rice varieties,48.10%were moderately susceptible to rice blast,followed by moderately resistant,susceptible and highly susceptible.The resistant varieties accounted for only 1.06%,and there was no highly resistant variety.51.59%were susceptible to rice bacterial blight,followed by moderately susceptible,moderately resistant,resistant,highly susceptible,and there was no highly resistant variety.The resistance rate of indica rice to rice blast(42.78%)was higher than that of japonica rice(17.89%),and the resistance rate of indica rice to bacterial blight(4.81%)was lower than that of japonica rice(22.81%).The resistance rate of the tested varieties to rice blast decreased year by year,and the resistance rate to bacterial blight showed a‘decline-up-decline’trend.The proportion of varieties resistant to both the two diseases was from 1.16%to 3.07%,which increased year by year.It can be seen that the resistance levels of the tested varieties to rice blast and bacterial blight were general,and there were differences in disease resistance between indica rice and japonica rice,and the disease resistance rate varied greatly from year to year.