基于果实类型的海南长臂猿食用树种适宜性分布预测

Prediction of suitable distribution of edible tree species for Hainan gibbons based on fruit types

食物资源是灵长类动物栖息地选择的重要因素,了解海南长臂猿食物资源的分布对海南长臂猿栖息地保护和恢复具有重要意义。基于研究区180块样地,获得了海南长臂猿105种食用树种分布数据,采用MaxEnt模型对6种果实食用树种进行了空间分布预测,并探讨了不同果实类型树种与气候、地形等环境因子的相关关系。结果表明:6种果实类型的模型检验结果AUC值均超过0.90,模拟精度较高;8月降水量在浆果、榕果和坚果类树种中的贡献率为43.8%、27.8%和19.6%,哈格里夫斯参考蒸发量在核果、球果和聚花果类树种的贡献率为23.6%、51.1%和58.8%,最冷月平均温度在6种果实类型贡献率均超过12%;果实类型发生概率随最冷月最低温度、哈格里夫斯参考蒸发量呈单调递减趋势;果实类型集中分布区主要在斧头岭、黑岭、雅加大岭一带,面积达2392.19 hm^(2),其中2346.88 hm^(2)位于保护区内,比例达98.11%,表明保护区有效保护了不同果实类型的食用树种。本研究可为海南长臂猿栖息地保护和植被恢复提供参考。

Food resources are an important factor driving habitat selection for primates.Understanding the distribution of food resources is of great importance for habitat conservation and restoration for Hainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus).A total of 180 plots were surveyed based on grids and 105 food tree species for Hainan gibbon were recorded.The MaxEnt model was used to predict the spatial distribution of six fruit edible tree species and to explore the correlation between different fruit types of tree species and environmental factors(climate and topography).The results showed that the AUC values of models for all the six fruit types were over 0.90,indicating that the modeling precision was excellent.August precipitation was the main environmental variable affecting the spatial distribution of berry,ficus fruit and nut-classified tree species,contributing to 43.8%,27.8%,and 19.6%,respectively.Hargreaves reference evaporation was the main environmental factor affecting the spatial distribution of drupe,cone and collective fruit-classified tree species,contributing to 23.6%,51.1%,and 58.8%,respectively.The contribution rate of mean coldest month temperature was more than 12% to six fruit types.The occurrence probability of fruit types decreased monotonously with mean temperature of the coldest month and Hargreaves reference evaporation.The concentrated distribution areas of fruit types were mainly distributed in the Futouling,Heiling and Yajiadaling,covering an area of 2392.19 hm^(2).A total of 2346.88 hm^(2) were located in the Bawangling Nature Reserve,accounting for 98.11%,which effectively protected the edible tree species of different fruit types.This study can provide a reference for habitat protection and vegetation restoration for Hainan gibbon.