不同栖境条件下斑衣蜡蝉自然种群的影响因子

Influencing factors for natural populations of Lycorma delicatula in different habitats

为探明人工林和近自然林栖境下斑衣蜡蝉自然种群生长发育与种群动态变化的差异,明确斑衣蜡蝉死亡的敏感虫期和主要作用因子,为斑衣蜡蝉的预测预报和防治提供依据。本研究采用跟踪调查法,构建了斑衣蜡蝉的发育历期和种群生命表,并计算致死因子排除作用控制指数和各发育阶段致死力K值,绘制存活曲线和种群数量变动关键因子分析图,对比分析不同栖境条件下斑衣蜡蝉种群变化趋势及其主要影响因素。结果表明:人工栖境和近自然栖境下斑衣蜡蝉世代的发育历期存在极显著差异,后者较前者延迟25.7 d;两种栖境下1~3龄若虫期和成虫产卵前期的发育历期均存在显著差异,仅4龄若虫期无显著差异。人工栖境和近自然栖境下斑衣蜡蝉世代总死亡率分别为83.6%和98.6%。人工林栖境下斑衣蜡蝉种群趋势指数显著高于近自然林,其中在人工林栖境中斑衣蜡蝉种群数量易剧增,而在近自然林栖境中种群数量呈下降趋势。两种栖境下斑衣蜡蝉的存活曲线均趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型,并均以卵期"寄生性天敌"的排除作用控制指数(EIPC)最高,分别为1.3和1.6;卵期总K值最大,分别为0.2和0.3;天敌K值回归斜率最高,均为0.6。研究结果显示,近自然林栖境条件对斑衣蜡蝉种群数量具有明显的抑制作用,能够实现对斑衣蜡蝉自然调控的效果。

To explore the differences between growth and population dynamics of natural Lycorma delicatula in the plantations and semi-natural forests,the susceptible stages and major suppression factors were determined to provide basis for the prediction and controlling the pest.The development duration and life table of L.delicatula in different habitats were established by using tracking method.The index of exclusion effect for lethal factors and the K-value in each development stage were calculated.The population trends were analyzed through the survival curve and key drivers of population change.The results showed that the development duration of L.delicatula in the plantation habitat and semi-natural habitat was significantly different,with the latter being 25.7 d longer than the former.There were significant differences in the development duration of 1 st-3 rd-instars nymphs and pre-oviposition period of adults between these two habitats,but no significant difference in the 4 th-instar nymphs.The total mortality rate in the plantation habitat and semi-natural habitat was 83.6% and 98.6%,respectively.The index of population trend in the plantation habitat was significantly higher than that in the semi-natural habitat.The population of L.delicatula increased sharply in the plantation habitat,but showed a decline trend in the semi-natural habitat.All of the survival curves of L.delicatula were Deevey-Ⅲ type,and the EIPCs of the “parasitic natural enemies” in egg stage were the highest in both habitats as 1.3 and 1.6,and the total K values were 0.2 and 0.3,respectively.The regression slopes of K-value of natural enemies were the highest(both 0.6).These findings revealed that the semi-natural habitat played an important role in the natural regulation of L.delicatula.