碳点及其纳米复合材料抗菌性能的研究进展

Research progress on antibacterial property of carbon quantum dots and their nanocomposite

从古到今,传染性细菌一直威胁着人类的身体健康。碳点作为抗生素的替代物,制备方法简单、成本低、表面容易功能化,具有优异的抗菌活性和独特的抗菌机制,是一种很有发展前途的材料。然而碳点带隙较宽,光催化活性较低,产生的活性氧较少,使其抗菌活性降低。为了改善这一缺点,研究者们目前已通过调节碳源及制备方法合成出不同形状、杂原子掺杂以及表面功能化的碳点,改变了表面基团、电荷和活性氧产率并促进了抗菌活性;除此之外,将碳点与半导体纳米粒子、金属纳米粒子复合促进光捕获和载流子转移效率不仅可以促进活性氧的产率,同时发挥协同抗菌作用。基于此,综述了抗菌型碳点的制备及修饰方法;并介绍了碳点与纳米材料的复合及协同抗菌效应;最后对碳点及其复合材料在应用中面临的挑战进行了总结,为研发更多高抗菌活性、低毒性的碳点及其纳米复合材料提供指导。

Throughout ancient and modern society,infectious bacteria have been one of the greatest threats to human health.As a substitute for antibiotics,antibacterial carbon quantum dots have attracted much attention due to simple preparation method,low cost,easy functionalization of the surface,excellent properties and unique mechanisms of action on microorganisms.There are still many limiting factor,carbon dots have weak photocatalytic activity because of wide band gap.It does generate too low reactive oxygen species to create antibacterial activity.In order to increase antibacterial properties,carbon quantum dots with different shapes and sizes,heteroatom doping,and surface functionalization have been synthesized by adjusting the source materials and preparation methods.Carbon quantum dots have been changed the surface groups,surface charges and active oxygen yield.In addition,quantum dots compound with semiconductor antibacterial agents and metal nanoparticles generating a synergistic antibacterial effect.The preparation methods and influencing mechanisms of carbon quantum dots were reviewed.The challenges of carbon quantum dots and their nanocomposites in application were summarized,which provided guidance for the development of more carbon quantum dots with high antibacterial activity and low toxicity.