身体美学与实践美学的对话

Dialogue between Somaesthetics and Practical Aesthetics

身体美学脱胎于实用主义,而实践美学则主要源自马克思主义。从理论渊源看,二者存在一些差别与对立,但不可忽视其内在学理上的相近和相通。具体而言,身体美学由实用主义哲人舒斯特曼首创,它既充分彰显了身体理论的实用维度,又兼顾了身体审美的实践潜能。身体美学对实践的重视,与实践美学殊途同归。基于此,身体美学进入中国后,迅速与本土的实践美学形成了碰撞融合:一则,身体美学将审美实践的主体从抽象的“人”引向了具体的“身体”,指出实践是身体的实践、身体是实践中的身体,对实践美学形成了“具身化”的补充;二则,身体美学将审美活动中的“身-心”因素一并统合到“身体”之中,为实践美学克服“主-客”二元论提供了整体论思路。通过对舒氏身体美学的西学东渐线索加以细致整理,有望建立马克思主义美学与实用美学的对话机制,为异质资源的整合方案提供参照意见。

Somaesthetics is derived from Pragmatism,while Practical Aesthetics mainly comes from Marxism.From the perspective of theoretical origin,there are some differences between them.However,we should not ignore their internal similarity theoretically.Specifically,Somaesthetics was initiated by the Pragmatist philosopher Schusterman,which is not only fully demonstrates the practical dimension of body theory,but also takes into account the practical potential of Somaesthetics.The emphasis of Somaesthetics on practice is the same as that of Practical Aesthetics.According to this,after entering China,Somaesthetics collided and merged with local Practical Aesthetics rapidly.Firstly,the Somaesthetics leads the subject of aesthetic practice from the abstract concept of human to the concept of body,which is more specific.It responds to the subjectivity problem in Practical Aesthetics by pointing out that practice is the practice via body and the body is the body in practice.Secondly,Practical Aesthetics integrates the body-mind factors in aesthetic activities into the category of body,providing theoretical inspiration for Practical Aesthetics to get out of the dilemma of subject-object dualism.To grasp the clue of Schusterman’s Somaesthetics under the circumstances of Western Learning towards the East,is expected to establishing the system of dialogue between Marxist Aesthetics and Practical Aesthetics,and provide reference for the integration scheme of different resources.