细胞膜仿生纳米技术在肿瘤靶向递药系统中的研究进展

Recent advances of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology in cancer targeted drug delivery system

纳米技术的发展为构建安全高效、精准可控的药物递送系统(drug delivery system,DDS)提供了可能。其中,有机或无机合成纳米载体已被广泛报道并用于肿瘤治疗药物的递送,但部分载体存在易被机体内免疫系统清除、制备过程繁琐和体内安全性较差等问题。近年来,随着生物医学的发展,基于仿生技术的生物膜介导的纳米药物递送系统,因其有机整合了天然生物膜的低免疫原性、肿瘤靶向性和智能纳米载体设计的可调控性、多功能性,有望实现纳米技术在肿瘤靶向治疗上的新突破。本文基于细胞膜仿生技术和纳米医学在肿瘤治疗领域的最新进展,从细胞膜仿生纳米技术的实验基础、膜仿生纳米递药平台的分类和在肿瘤靶向治疗上的应用三方面进行阐述,旨在为仿生智能DDS的设计及其在肿瘤靶向治疗中的发展提供参考。

The development of nanotechnology has made it possible to develop safe,efficient,precise and controllable drug delivery system(DDS).Among them,organic or inorganic synthetic nanocarriers have been widely reported and used for the delivery of tumor therapeutic agents.However,some of carriers have several problems,such as easily eliminated by the body's immune system,difficult to preparation or poor safety in vivo.In recent years,with the development of biomedicine,biomimetic technology based biomembrane-mediated nanodrug delivery has organically integrated the low immunogenicity of natural biomembrane,cancer targeting,and the controllable and multifunctional of smart nanocarrier design.It will achieve a new breakthrough of nanotechnology in cancer targeted therapy.Based on the recent advances of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology and the nanomedicine in the field of cancer therapy,this review discusses the three aspects including the experimental basis of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology,the classification of biomimetic nanodrug delivery platforms,and the application in cancer targeted therapy.Therefore,the review will provide reference for the design of smart drug delivery system and its development in cancer targeted treatment.