碱性电解水去除水果表面有机磷农残的工艺研究

The Removal Process of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues on the Surface of Commercial Fruits by Alkaline Electrolyzed Water

研究旨在基于响应曲面法优化探讨碱性电解水(Alkaline electrolyzed water,BEW)对采后果蔬表面农残去除的调控方案,以期相关研究结果能为果蔬采后清洗加工处理提供有价值的参考。试验以市售无籽八月桔为研究对象,采用酶抑制率法测定果蔬表面的有机磷农药残留。选择BEW稀释比、浸泡时间、浸泡体积为自变量,以酶抑制率为响应值,利用Box-Behnken实验设计与响应曲面法优化了去除有机磷农残的稀释比-浸泡时间-浸泡体积工艺参数,建立了处理后酶抑制率的二次回归方程的预测模型,研究了每个自变量及其交互作用对酶抑制率的影响。结果表明,BEW稀释比、浸泡时间、浸泡体积均显著影响了采后柑橘表面的有机磷农药去除效果;优化后的最佳处理工艺条件为稀释比1:8.49、浸泡时间1.26 min、浸泡体积为388.45 mL,酶抑制率为40%。经试验验证,平均酶抑制率为40.59%,相对误差仅为1.48%,表明实际值与模型预测值拟合性良好。因此,碱性电解水在最佳处理工艺条件下,具有良好的去除果蔬表面有机磷农药残留物的能力。

The purpose of this study is to optimize the control scheme of alkaline electrolyzed water(BEW)on the removal of pesticide residues on the surface of harvested fruits and vegetables based on response surface methodology,in order to provide valuable reference for the cleaning and processing of postharvest fruits and vegetables.Commercial citrus was used to detect organophosphorus pesticide residues on the fruit surface by the enzyme inhibition rate method.The Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface method were used to optimize the process parameters for the removal of organophosphorus pesticide residue.The BEW dilution ratio,soaking time,and soaking volume were selected as independent variables,while the enzyme inhibition rate of citrus after soaking was the response value.Subsequently,the predictive model of the quadratic regression equation of the enzyme inhibition rate after treatment was established,and the influence of each independent variable and their interaction on the enzyme inhibition rate were studied.The results showed that the dilution ratio of BEW,soaking time and soaking volume all significantly affected the removal efficiency of organophosphorus pesticides on the surface of postharvest citrus.The optimized enzyme inhibition rate could achieve 40%when the following process parameters were used:dilution ratio of 1:8.49,soaking time of 1.26 min,and soaking volume of 388.45 mL.The experiment verified that the average enzyme inhibition rate was40.59%,and the relative error was only 1.48%,indicating that the actual value and the model predicted value fitted well.In conclusion,our research results prove that the alkaline electrolyzed water has a good ability to remove organophosphorus pesticide residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables under the optimal processing condition.