生物有机肥对苹果幼苗生长、生理特性以及土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth,Physiological Characteristics of Apple Seedlings and Soil Microbial Functional Diversity

为明确生物有机肥不同施入量对苹果幼苗长势及根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,以1年生‘烟富8号’苹果幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置4个处理,即鸡粪CK[35 g/(kg·土)]、生物有机肥T1[23.3 g/(kg·土)]、T2[35 g/(kg·土)]及T3[70 g/(kg·土)]。结果表明,生物有机肥增加苹果幼苗株高和根长,其中生物有机肥23.3 g/(kg·土)处理下,较CK分别显著增加14.24%和24.02%,且与其他处理差异显著。生物有机肥可增加苹果幼苗抗逆指标和促进养分吸收,生物有机肥23.3 g/(kg·土)处理下,苹果幼苗叶片脯氨酸含量、叶绿素SPAD值和钾含量较CK分别显著提高38.46%、15.45%和27.33%,丙二醛含量显著降低。生物有机肥70 g/(kg·土)处理的土壤微生物多样性指数H’、丰富度指数S、均一性指数U和土壤微生物对碳水化合物、胺类利用强度最高,较CK分别提高0.91%、7.60%、4.14%、6.33%和18.92%,且与23.3 g/(kg·土)处理差异不显著。综合因子主成分分析,生物有机肥23.3 g/(kg·土)处理得分最高。因此,生物有机肥能够促进苹果幼苗生长,提高抗逆性、养分吸收、土壤微生物功能多样性以及对碳源的利用强度,其中以生物有机肥23.3 g/(kg·土)处理效果最佳。

To understand the effect of bio-organic fertilizer on growth and soil microbial functional diversity,one-year-old‘Yanfu No.8’apple seedlings were used as materials in pot experiment,and four treatments were set up,namely:chicken manure CK[35 g/(kg·soil)],bio-organic fertilizer T1[23.3 g/(kg·soil)],T2[35 g/(kg·soil)]and T3[70 g/(kg·soil)].The results showed that bio-organic fertilizer could promote the growth of apple seedlings.Among the treatments,the plant height and root length under 23.3 g/(kg·soil)treatment significantly increased by 14.24%and 24.02%compared with those under CK,while the difference between 23.3 g/(kg·soil)treatment and other treatments was significant.Bio-organic fertilizer could enhance the resistance of apple seedlings and promote nutrient absorption.Leaf proline content,chlorophyll SPAD value and potassium content significantly increased by 38.46%,15.45%and 27.33%,while the MDA content was decreased significantly under 23.3 g/(kg·soil)treatment.The soil microbial Shannon’s index H’,richness index S,McIntosh index U,and soil microbial utilization of carbohydrates and amines in the treatment of 70 g/(kg·soil)were the highest,increased by 0.91%,7.60%,4.14%,6.33%,and 18.92%compared with those of CK.respectively,while the difference between 70 g/(kg·soil)and 23.3 g/(kg·soil)treatments was not significant.In the principal component analysis,the 23.3 g/(kg·soil)bio-organic fertilizer treatment had the highest score.Therefore,bio-organic fertilizer can improve the growth,stress resistance and nutrient absorption of apple seedlings,and soil microbial functional diversity and utilization intensity of carbon source,and 23.3 g/(kg·soil)treatment is the best.