浙产糯味山药营养成分分析

Analysis of Nutritional Components of Glutinous Dioscorea from Zhejiang

对比分析3种不同品种山药的营养成分差异,从而挖掘糯味山药优点,为研究糯味山药的营养价值提供数据支撑。分别采用凯氏定氮、酸水解、蒽酮-硫酸比色、火焰原子吸收光谱等方法对山药的蛋白质、淀粉、氨基酸及矿质元素含量等营养成分进行测定。结果表明,不同品种山药的营养成分存在较大差异,文成糯味山药中富含淀粉、还原糖、膳食纤维、β-胡萝卜素和可利用碳水化合物,其中淀粉含量16.13%、还原糖含量0.75%、膳食纤维含量0.85%、β-胡萝卜素含量251.67 mg/100 g、可利用碳水化合物含量16.91%。同时文成糯味山药含有较为丰富的矿质元素、氨基酸。文成糯味山药中氨基酸总量为1.57%,人体必需氨基酸总量为0.46%,呈味氨基酸总量为0.57%,含丰富的组氨酸和精氨酸。文成糯味山药淀粉含量显著高于淮山药和铁棍山药,同时富含氨基酸,口感更鲜,菜粮兼用品质更佳。

The nutritional components of three different varieties of Dioscorea were analyzed,aiming to explore the advantages of glutinous Dioscorea and provide data support for the research on the nutritional value of glutinous Dioscorea.The contents of protein,starch,amino acids and mineral elements in Dioscorea were determined using corresponding scientific methods(Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen,acid hydrolysis,anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry,flame atomic absorption spectrometry).The results show that there are remarkable differences in the nutritional components of different Dioscorea varieties.Wencheng glutinous Dioscorea is rich in starch,reducing sugar,dietary fiber,β-carotene and available carbohydrates,with the content of 16.13%,0.75%,0.85%,251.67 mg/100 g and 16.91%,respectively.Additionally,Wencheng glutinous Dioscorea is also rich in mineral elements and amino acids,especially for histidine and arginine.The content of total amino acids,essential amino acids and flavorful amino acids in Wencheng glutinous Dioscorea is 1.57%,0.46%,and 0.57%,respectively.In summary,the starch content of Wencheng glutinous Dioscorea is significantly higher than that of the other two varieties of Dioscorea(Huaishan and Iron Stick Yam),resulting in better flavor with abundant amino acid,and it could be recommended as a high-quality variety as both vegetable and grain.