北方既有住区参数化节能改造设计策略与运行阶段碳排放优化路径研究

Energy-Saving and Operational Carbon Emission Optimization Strategies for Existing Residential Buildings in Northern China Using Parametric Simulation

针对北方既有住区典型住宅空间平面类型,以辽宁省大连市台山小区为研究对象,采用Grasshopper平台对目标住宅楼形态、周围建筑类型、建筑间距及朝向参数对既有住区的运行能耗及减碳影响进行量化模拟分析研究。通过分析参数变换构造的240个模拟案例,得到了针对北方既有住区真实布局情况下典型住宅类型在当前的围护结构条件下的运行能耗情况。根据JGJ26—2018《严寒和寒冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》中50%的节能要求,对既有住区的建筑采取外墙保温及更换门窗的被动式节能改造系列手段进行了参数化模拟,量化评价改造后的节能及减碳效果。探讨既有住区建筑采用建筑光伏一体化系统(BIPV)作为减碳优化手段的潜在效果。研究发现,通过外墙保温及更换门窗可使既有住区的建筑在建筑运行的50年内碳排放量降低16.5%~19%,而进一步采用BIPV系统后,建筑运行的50年内碳排放量的下降率可达30%。

Grasshopper was used to conduct a parametric simulation for analyzing the operational energy consumption and carbon emissions reduction of residences in northern China.A typical existing residential community located in Liaoning is used as an example.This study simulates four typical types of existing residential buildings with four types of parameters:shape of the buildings,types of surrounding buildings,road widths,and building orientations.To begin with,the operational energy consumption of the current building status,under its realistic layout,is simulated through 240 cases based on changing parameters.Passive measures such as external wall insulation and the replacement of windows and doors are adopted as improvements in terms of the 50%energy saving requirements of the Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in severe cold and cold zones(JGJ26—2018).Improved cases are calculated with regards to energy consumption and carbon emissions.Lastly,the BIPV(building integrated photovoltaics)system is adopted as a possible carbon emission reduction measure for existing residences.Through the use of passive measures,the amount of operational carbon emissions within the 50-year operating period of the building can be reduced by 16.5%~19.5%,and by 30%if passive measures are coupled with the use of BIPV.