美国的日本研究:世代更替与学术流变

Japanese Studies in the United States:Generational Changes and Academic Evolution

19世纪后半叶以来,美国的日本研究经历了数个世代的更替,呈现出比较鲜明的阶段性特征。在其动态演进过程中,美国的日本研究学界反复思考和激烈争论的一个焦点在于"区域研究"与"学科研究"的定位与相互关系。20世纪70年代以后,理论与方法声势日隆,日本研究更多地被纳入学科的视角下,作为比较研究的一个国别对象。90年代之后,"区域研究"变体回潮,实现了与"学科研究"之间新的融合。从学术史的角度而言,美国的日本研究与中国研究的演进过程存在明显的关联和类同,尽管两者并不是全然同步的。与中国研究相比,美国的日本研究在对对象国的认知变迁、与对象国学术界的接触和互动、学术争辩所产生的外溢效应等三方面表现出显著的特殊性。整体而言,美国的日本研究与中国研究呈现出一种并行不悖的关系,彼此提供了有益的参照和借鉴。

Since the second half of the 19 th century,The study of Japan in the United States has experienced changes of several generations,showing distinct stage characteristics.In the course of its dynamic evolution,the American circle of Japanese studies has repeatedly considered and debated over the orientation and relationship between the"regional studies"and the"discipline studies".Since the1970 s,theories and methods have gained momentum,and Japanese studies have been more incorporated into the perspective of disciplines as a national object of comparative studies.After the1990 s,the variation of"regional research"came back and realized a new integration with"discipline research".From the perspective of academic history,the evolution of Japanese studies in the United States and Chinese studies is obviously related and similar,although they are not completely synchronous.Compared with Chinese studies,Japanese studies in the United States show significant features in three aspects:the cognitive change of the target country,the contact and interaction with the academic circles of the target country,and the spillover effect caused by academic debate.On the whole,the studies on Japan and China in the United States show a parallel relationship and provide useful references for each other.