尼赫鲁西段边界政策变化的原因——基于身份认知的视角

Reasons for the Change in Nehru’s Policy towards the Western Border Section:A Perspective Based on Identity Politics

基于不同的国力判断标准,中印存在身份认知的不对等问题,该问题的核心是中国是否承认印度的大国地位,印度对此高度敏感。中印西段边界从未正式划定,尼赫鲁最初对西段争议区表态谨慎而留有余地,但在朗久事件和收到周恩来1959年9月8日的回信后,他在西段边界上也持毫不妥协的态度。尼赫鲁认为中国在边界问题上的立场说明对方没有对印度在世界上的重要地位给予应有的尊重,他对中国的情绪化认知对其西段政策的影响不可低估。身份认知的不对等导致边界问题的长期化,是现代中印关系的主要症结。在全球、地区和双边三个层面的对华诉求反映出印度试图扭转这种不对等关系,而中国因为一系列原因又难以满足其战略诉求。非对称的身份认知使印度对华产生了严重的不满情绪,对现代中印关系产生了复杂而深远的影响。

Given that the two states adopt different standards for assessing state power,a situation of asymmetric recognition exists between China and India.Central to this issue is the question of whether China recognizes India as a great power-something which India is especially sensitive to.The Western boundary between China and India has yet to be demarcated.Early on,Nehru was very cautious about the disputed territory to the west but did leave room for negotiation.Following the Longju incident,and receipt of a letter from Zhou Enlai on September 8,1959,Nehru adopted a hardline position on the Western boundary.Nehru believed that China’s position regarding the boundary question demonstrated that it did not respect India’s important position on the world stage,and his emotional attitude towards China clearly impacted his policy towards the Western boundary.This issue of asymmetric recognition caused the perpetuation of the boundary issue,which remains as a major obstacle to China-India relations.India’s concerns vis-à-vis China at the global,regional and bilateral levels reflect India’s efforts to transform the asymmetric nature of this relationship.From China’s vantage point,it struggles to address India’s concerns due to a number of considerations.Asymmetric recognition has caused India to harbor serious dissatisfaction towards China,seriously impacting contemporary Sino-India relations.