从“大设计”到“小设计”:大数据时代的社会规则之变

From“Big Design”to“Small Design”:Changing Social Rules in the Big Data Age

人类当前已迈入大数据时代,大数据算法准备实现政治算术学派以数字来测量、预测、规划与控制社会的理想。对社会规则的“大设计”的传统看法认为,可以通过科学方法认识社会规律,自上而下规划出社会的终极蓝图,这在大数据时代已经过时。大数据时代应当采用“小设计”的设计规则。在认识论上,“小设计”认为不能给出既定社会蓝图,反对大数据的精确性、客观性。在方法论上,“小设计”主张社会规则应当进行渐进主义的局部调整与修正。在科学观上,“小设计”秉持谦逊主义的科学观。为解决算法民主、自我治理、智慧城市设计、机器人设计等大数据时代的全新问题,“小设计”规则必须注重公众参与、实时反馈、多元融合、面向未知。

Human beings have stepped into the big data age,and big data algorithms are preparing to realizethe ideal of political arithmetic school to measure,predict,plan and control society by numbers.The traditional“big design”of social rules holds that social rules can be understood through scientific methods and the ultimateblueprint of society can be planned from top to bottom,but this is outdated in the big data age.The big data ageshould adopt the design rules of“small design”.Epistemologically,“small design”believes that it cannot givean established social blueprint and opposes the accuracy and objectivity of big data.Methodologically,“small design”advocates that social rules should be adjusted and revised by gradualism.In its views of science,“small design”adheres to the scientific concept of modesty.In order to solve new problems in the big data age,such asalgorithmic democracy,self-governance,the design of smart cities,and the design of robots,“small design”must focus on public participation,real-time feedback,multiple integrations,and facing the unknown.