牙周膜生物力学性质的有限元分析研究概况

Research progress of finite element analysis studying the biomechanical properties of periodontal ligament

牙周膜(periodontal ligament,PDL)是连接在牙齿和牙槽骨之间的一层结缔组织,厚度约为0.15 mm至0.38 mm。其作用有两方面:一是将牙齿镶嵌在牙槽骨上;二是传递和分散咬合力。正畸是利用PDL受拉压时,刺激牙槽骨分别生成成骨细胞和破骨细胞使牙齿移动。所以研究PDL力学性质,对于正畸治疗具有至关重要的作用。目前关于PDL力学性质研究大致可分为两个方向:实验的研究及有限元分析的研究。本文归纳整理了国内外文献30余篇,针对PDL的有限元分析研究进行了分类汇总。由于2000年之前的研究方法大都被后人引用或改进,因此本文大部分文献取自2000年之后,仅对2000年之前的经典文献进行简要概述。

Periodontal ligament(PDL)is the connective tissue between teeth and alveolar bone.The thickness of PDL is from 0.15 mm to 0.38 mm,The PDL has two functions:one is to embed the teeth on the alveolar bone,the other is to transmit and disperse the occlusal force.Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by stimulating alveolar bone to generate osteoblasts and osteoclasts respectively when the PDL is pulled and compressed.Therefore,the study of the mechanical properties of PDL for orthodontic treatment has a crucial role.At present,the study on mechanical properties of PDL can be divided into two directions:experimental study and finite element analysis.In this paper,more than 30 literatures about PDL were summarized and classified according to the finite element analysis of PDL.Since most of research methods before2000 are quoted or improved by later generations,most of literatures in this paper are taken from 2000,and only a brief overview of the classic literature before 2000 is given.