民族山区小学空间布局与可达性分析——以云南省石屏县为例

Research on Spatial Distribution and Accessibility of Primary Schools in Ethnic Mountainous Areas: A Case Study of Shiping County, Yunnan Province

文章针对民族山区教育资源供给不均等和优质教育分布不均衡的问题,以云南省红河州石屏县为例,采用密度分析法和改进的潜能模型分析其小学的空间布局与空间可达性。研究表明:石屏县小学空间分布与人口密度、道路网密度密切相关,且受地形条件影响,主要分布于微斜坡、缓斜坡和斜坡区域;小学服务能力差距悬殊,山区民族小学服务能力整体低于坝区非少数民族地区,教育质量好的小学也向坝区倾斜;小学空间可达性整体较低,少数民族聚居区空间可达性更低;空间可达性高值区位于异龙—宝秀两镇交界处的坝区,次高值区位于石屏县城区和宝秀镇镇区及其辐射的地势平坦区域,低值区分布在哨冲镇、龙朋镇、大桥乡与宝秀镇东部等连片山区。基于此,本文对石屏县小学的合理布局与空间优化提出针对性建议,以期为民族山区教育设施均等化规划提供一定的借鉴。

Aiming at the problem of unequal supply of educational resources and uneven distribution of high-quality education in ethnic mountainous areas, taking Shiping County in ethnic mountainous areas as an example, the density analysis method and improved potential model are used to analyze the spatial layout and spatial accessibility of primary schools. Research shows that the spatial distribution of primary schools is closely related to population density and road network density, and is affected by topographical conditions. They are mainly distributed in areas with micro slopes, gentle slopes and slopes. There is a huge gap in the service capacity of primary schools.The overall service capacity of ethnic primary schools in mountainous areas is lower than that of nonethnic minority areas in the flatland area, and the primary schools with good education quality are also inclined to the flatland area.Primary schools space accessibility is generally low, and that in minority communities is even lower. The high value area for spatial accessibility is located in the flatland area at the junction of Yilong Town and Baoxiu Town. The second high value area is located in the urban area of Shiping County and Baoxiu township and its radiated flat terrain. The low-value areas are distributed in contiguous mountainous areas such as Shaochong Town, Longpeng Town, Daqiao Town and the eastern part of Baoxiu Town. Based on this, specific suggestions are made for the rational layout and space optimization of primary schools, in order to provide reference for the equalization planning of educational facilities in ethnic mountainous areas.