作为言语行动的诗歌运动——语言哲学视域中的“第三代”诗写作

Movement of Poetry as Speech Act——“The third generation” poetry writing from the perspective of modern linguistic philosophy

在现代语言哲学视域里,"第三代"诗歌运动是一种典型的"以言行事"行为。这不仅从"莽汉""非非主义"等诗歌宣言中,也从其创作活动和诗歌文本中体现出来。"莽汉"诗是一种标准的"行为诗","非非"的语义实验是一个"有组织的颠倒字义"的行动。从结构主义角度看,《有关大雁塔》《车过黄河》等是对传统文本的"爆破",可谓另一种意义上的文本行动。"第三代"诗人普遍采用"元诗"策略,通过诗歌制作过程展示,拆解传统诗意结构,也是一种对诗的祛魅行为。"第三代"诗歌实验带有一定程度的反语言、反文化的乌托邦性质,但利用包括言语行为在内的各种手段进行诗的"零度返回",不仅刷新了语言的意指系统,而且冲击了传统诗歌的成规,因此对诗体的发展不无裨益。对此,我们应该采取辩证分析的态度。

From the perspective of modern linguistic philosophy,“the third generation” poetry movement is a typical act of acting with words.This is not only reflected in the poem declarations such as “rude man” and “the non-non-principle”,but also in the creative activities and poetic texts.The poem of “rude man school” is a standard “act poem”,and the semantic experiment of the poem of the “non-non-principle” is an organized action to “reverse the meaning of words”.From the perspective of structuralism,those works,such as About Big Wild Goose Pagoda and The Train Crossed the Yellow River,are a kind of disassembly of traditional texts,which can be described as a textual action in another sense.“The third generation” poets,using the “meta poem” strategy,disassemble the traditional poetic structure through the process of poetry production,which is also an action of disenchantment to poetry.Although “the third generation” poetry experiment has the Utopian nature of anti-language and anti-culture to a certain extent,the use of various means including speech acts to carry out the zero return of poetry has not only refreshed the signification system of language,but also smashed the conventions of traditional poetry,which is not without benefit for the development of poetic style.To this,we should take the attitude of dialectical analysis.