人称与物称:中、美中学生英语写作中句子主语的差异研究--以我国高考试卷中的一道英语写作题为例

Personal and Impersonal:a Study on the Differences of Sentence Subjects Between Chinese and American Students'English Writing-Take an English Writing Question Sample in the National College Entrance Examination for Example

通过自建语料库,以我国高考英语试卷中的某一道写作题为例,对比分析中国中学生和美国中学生的英语写作文本,研究两个群体在主语使用上的差异。研究发现:我国中学生在主语的选择上与美国中学生差异明显,过多使用人称主语,较少使用物称主语;在人称主语的使用上,我国中学生过多使用第二人称,过少使用第三人称,在物称主语的使用上,过多使用名词和代词做主语,较少使用动名词和it做主语。导致这些差异的原因主要是母语的干扰、学生对英汉之间的差异缺乏了解以及对功能词的掌握不足等。为了提高学生的英语写作能力,中学英语教师应有意识地培养学生的英汉差异意识,同时在指导学生加大英语输入强度、改进词汇和语法教学、分话题训练学生掌握多样的表达方式等方面着手,改进英语写作教学方法,提高写作教学的质量。

Based on the self-built corpus,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the English writing texts of Chinese and American high school students by taking a writing topic in the English examination paper of China’s national college entrance examination as an example,and studies the differences in the use of subjects between the two groups. It is found that there is a significant difference between Chinese and American high school students in the choice of sentence subjects,Chinese students use more personal subjects and fewer impersonal subjects. In the use of personal subjects,Chinese students use more second person subjects and fewer third person subjects. In the use of impersonal subjects,Chinese students use more nouns and pronouns but fewer gerunds and"it". The main reasons for these differences are the interference of mother tongue and students’ lack of understanding of the differences between English and Chinese,and their inadequate understanding of functional words. In order to improve the students’ English writing ability,high school English teachers should have the consciousness to cultivate the students’ consciousness of differences between English and Chinese. At the same time,we should guide students to increase the intensity of English input,improve vocabulary and grammar teaching,train students to master various ways of expression by topic,and improve English writing teaching methods and the quality of writing teaching.