浅析“天人合一”的三个层面及其悖论

Brief Analysis on the Three Levels of "Integration of Nature and Human" and It’s Paradox

古代的"天人合一"观念可以分三个层面来理解:自然哲学的"合一"以"气"为本,认为天地万物包括人在内是物质的统一体;道德哲学的"合一"以人之心性为基础,"天人合一"是人格魅力和审美的最高境界;而政治哲学的"合一"主要以儒家的"仁道"原则为依据,目的是为封建统治和社会秩序提供理论支撑。但"天人合一"每层含义的背后都包含着相分、相对的悖论,如何准确把握三个层面的"合"与"分",对于理解和发展"天人合一"观念,以及在现代化的今天处理天人之间的关系,特别是在建设全球性生态文明问题上都具有重大的战略与长远意义。

The ancient concept of "Integration of Nature and Human" can be understood from three aspects:the "Unity" of natural philosophy based on"Qi",which holds that all things in the world,including human beings,is the unity of material;the "Unity" of moral philosophy is based on human nature,and the "Integration of Nature and Human" is the highest realm of personality charm and aesthetics;while the "Unity" of political philosophy is mainly based on the Confucian "benevolence" principle,which aims to provide theoretical support for feudal rule and social order.However,behind each layer of meaning of "Integration of Nature and Human" contains the paradox of separation and relativity.How to accurately grasp the three levels of "harmony" and "separation" is of great strategic and long-term significance for understanding and developing the concept of "harmony between man and nature",as well as how to deal with the relationship between man and nature in modern times,especially in the construction of global ecological civilization.