铜绿假单胞菌生物膜胞外多糖的研究进展

Progress of extracellular polysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm

铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)在环境中无处不在,并与多种院内感染有关。在慢性感染过程中,生物膜将细菌群落包裹在基质中,赋予了细菌对抗生素、宿主细胞和机械清除的抵抗力。胞外多糖如藻酸盐、Psl和Pel不仅是生物膜构成中最主要的基质,也是最重要的成分,在生物膜的致病和耐药性方面也发挥着重要作用。现对PA生物膜的形成过程,胞外多糖主要成分藻酸盐、Psl和Pel的相关调控作一概述,以期为进一步研究靶向胞外多糖的抗生物膜药物提供新思路。

Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) is a ubiquitous environmental organism that is associated with nosocomial infections. In the chronic phases of infection, bacterial communities are encapsulated in biofilms, the extracellular polymeric matrix produced by PA, contributing to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, host cells and mechanical clearance. Extracellular polysaccharides such as alginate, Psl and Pel are not only the primary matrix in the composition of biofilms, but also the main components that are critical to the pathogenesis and drug resistance of biofilms. This review summarizes the formation process of PA biofilm and related regulation of alginate, Psl and Pel, in order to provide new ideas for further research on anti-biofilm agents targeting extracellular polysaccharides.