川西北尔玛人“唱酒戏”论略

On“Toasting Song Show”of Erma People in Northwest Sichuan

今中国唯一的羌族聚居区在四川。走访川西北羌族地区可知,“唱酒戏”是尔玛社会老传统,是当地民间风俗及民俗艺术。研究“唱酒戏”,不可脱离羌族民间社会土壤,必须从民俗生活、口头传统、表现形式、文化传播等方面考察。有语言无文字的羌族地处汉藏之间,汉语川西方言也是尔玛人使用的语言工具之一,并见于民间文艺中。尽管“唱酒戏”未必是常规意义的酒席上点戏唱戏,但无需怀疑其为尔玛人自己的民俗艺术。从艺术人类学研究尔玛人的“唱酒戏”,有助于学界更好地理解和把握羌族戏剧艺术的发生与发展。

The only compact community of Qiang ethnic group in China today is in Sichuan.Visiting the Qiang nationality area in northwest Sichuan,we can see that“toasting song show”is an old tradition of Erma society,local folk custom and folk art as well.Studying the“toasting song show”,we cannot be divorced from the reality of Qiang people s folk society,we must investigate it from the aspects of folk life,oral tradition,expression form and cultural transmission and so on.The Qiang people,who have a language but no written language,live between the Han people and Tibetans.The western Sichuan dialect of Chinese language is one the important language tools used by Erma people and can be seen in the literature and art.Although“toasting song show”does not necessarily mean selecting performance,singing and acting in a traditional opera in the banquet of the conventional sense,there is no doubt that it is the folk art of Erma people.Studying the“toasting song show”of Erma people from the perspective of artistic anthropology is helpful for the academic circles to better understand and grasp the emergence and development of Qiang people s dramatic art.