三种教师职业观下的中小学教师职业声望研究——兼评我国中小学教师队伍建设的政策效应

Research on the Occupational Prestige of Primary and Secondary School Teachers under Three Kinds of Teachers’ Occupational Views:A View about the Policy Effect on the Construction of Teaching Faculty of Primary and Secondary Schools in China

当前指导人们看待教师职业的社会观念有三种:一是传统的圣贤职业观,二是从事专门知识和技术领域所要求的专业性职业观,三是市场经济价值取向下的经济观。这三种有时相互分离有时相互重叠的教师职业观交织在一起深刻影响着教师职业活动的开展质量,同时也影响着社会公众对这一职业声望的公正判断和期望。以此为基础,基于纵向经验数据对中小学教师职业声望进行了经验研究,同时对2010年《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》提出的加强教师队伍建设这一政策目标在中小学阶段的达成情况进行了系统考察。结果表明,上述三种教师职业观在中小学教师职业声望评价中均有不同程度的体现,《教育规划纲要》对于促进中小学教师队伍建设的政策效应显著。

There are three social concepts about the occupation of teachers: the traditional occupational view of sages,the professional one required by specialized knowledge and technology,and the economic outlook under the value-orientation driven by the market economy. The three have a profound impact on the quality of teachers’ professional activities and the fair judgment and expectation of the public although sometimes separated from and overlapped with each other. Accordingly,this paper,using the longitudinal empirical data,makes an empirical study on the occupational prestige of primary and secondary school teachers. Meanwhile, it systematically investigates the achievement of the policy goal in the primary and secondary schools. The goal aims at strengthening the construction of teaching faculty in the primary and secondary school,proposed in The Outline of National Medium and Long—Term Education Reform and Development Plan( 2010—2020) in 2010. The results show that the above three teachers’ occupational views are reflected differently in the occupational prestige evaluation of primary and secondary school teachers. Outline has significantly influenced on the promoting the construction of teaching faculty of primary and secondary schools.