天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅱ)——pH敏感型功能海洋多糖:海藻酸钠

Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials(Ⅱ) pH-sensitive functional marine polysaccharide: sodium alginate

海藻酸钠是一种提取自海藻的pH敏感型多功能海洋多糖。因具有无毒、水溶、生物相容、可生物降解、成膜、胶凝、增稠、抗过敏、絮凝、螯合、促植物生长、阻燃等优良特性,且分子结构中含有可进行化学改性的羟基、羧基、糖苷键等活性基团,使得海藻酸钠及其衍生物、复合物、掺混物在食品、医药、化妆品、纺织印染、水处理、农业和功能材料等多个行业领域得到广泛关注与应用。本文阐述了海藻酸钠的名称、来源和结构,以及理化性质、制备方法和近期的应用进展情况,并指出了这种天然海洋生物质材料的发展方向和前景。

Sodium alginate is a kind of typical,widely used,pH-sensitive functional marine polysaccharide,which is extracted from the abundant seaweed in ocean.Sodium alginate is composed ofβ-D-mannuronic acid (M) andα-L-gulonic acid (G) linked by 1→4 glycosidic bonds and can be chemically modified due to the presence of reactive hydroxyl group,carboxyl group and glucosidic bond in the molecular structure,via oxidation,reductive amination,sulfation,copolymerization of hydroxyl group,esterification,Ugi reaction,amidation of carboxyl group,and degradation of glucosidic bond.For possessing many excellent properties including non-toxic,water-soluble,biocompatible,biodegradable,film-forming,gelling,thickening,anti-allergy,flocculation,chelation,plant growth promotion and flame retardant,sodium alginate and its derivatives,composites and blends have been extensively studied and applied in food,medicine,cosmetics,textile printing and dyeing,water treatment,agriculture,functional materials and other industrial fields.Herein,the name,source,structure,physical and chemical properties and conventional production methods of sodium alginate,and the current application status of sodium alginate and sodium alginate-based materials were introduced.The research trend and development prospect of this valuable natural marine biomass material were also pointed out.