警惕“异案同判”——类案裁判机制的功能越位与归位

Caution against“Similar Judges in Dissimilar Cases”——Offside and Return of the Mechanism of Similar-Case Judgements

本轮司法体制改革将建立和完善类案裁判机制作为司法责任制改革的一项举措,注重的是司法行政管理目标的实现。此举可能引发法官的卸责需求,导致"异案同判"的结果。学界在强调法律统一适用,纠正"同案异判"的同时,却忽视了"异案同判"的风险在随之增加。"异案同判"一样为"类似案件类似裁判"原则所不容,有损于司法公正和法秩序的统一,必须予以纠偏。今后改革的方向是回归"同案同判"最本质的功能,即司法的正确性和公正性价值,削弱案件管理目标对类案裁判的影响。类案裁判机制的核心是裁判说理,其运作机制在于分配论证负担。未来改革路径应当从结果参照转向过程参照,从隐性援引转向明示援引,从问责为主转向激励为先,从智能决策转向智能辅助。

This cycle of judicial reform takes the establishment and perfection of similar-case judgement mechanism as a measure of judicial accountability,which focuses on the realization of judicial administrative management.This would likely results in judges’shirking,which leads to similar judgements in dissimilar cases.The scholarship community stresses unified law application to rectify"dissimilar judgements for similar cases"involuntarily neglecting the risk of similar judgements in dissimilar cases.Similar judgements in dissimilar cases go against the principle of similar judgements in similar cases,causing damage to judicial justice and law order,and thus to be rectified.The direction to be taken in the reform is returning to the most essential function of similar judgement in similar cases,that is,the correctness and justice of judicial actions,reducing the influence of case management goals on similar-case judgement.Lying at the core of similar-case judgement mechanism is the judgement reasoning,its operation mechanism being the allocation of argumentation responsibilities.Future reforms must take the road of transformation from result reference to process reference,from invisible invocation to clearly-stated invocation,from accountability to stimulation,from intelligent decision making to intelligence assistance.