亚临界萃取与分子蒸馏结合提取艾叶精油及其成分分析

Essential oil extraction from Artemisia argyi by subcritical extraction combined with molecular distillation and analysis of its components

采用亚临界低温萃取与分子蒸馏相结合的方法(亚临界萃取-分子蒸馏法),对汤阴北艾艾叶精油进行提取,作为对比,对同一批艾叶采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油.以顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪对艾叶和所得精油进行定性和定量成分分析.实验结果表明,用亚临界萃取-分子蒸馏法制得精油的得率(0.25%)显著高于水蒸气蒸馏法(0.13%).艾叶直接进行顶空固相微萃取后测得其主要成分有45种,通过亚临界萃取-分子蒸馏所得精油含42种主要成分,水蒸气蒸馏所得精油含有37种主要成分.亚临界萃取-分子蒸馏所得精油与艾叶所包含主要成分接近,都有含量较高的水合桧烯,但水蒸气蒸馏所得精油高沸点组分及其含量明显少于艾叶或者亚临界萃取-分子蒸馏所得精油.该方法为艾叶及其他富含挥发油成分的植物精油提取分离提供了科学依据和可靠的工业化生产条件.

The essential oil from the leaves of Artemisia argyi was obtained by subcritical extraction combined with molecular distillation(subcritical extraction-molecular distillation)at low temperature.As a contrast,the same batch of artemisia argyi leaves was extracted by steam distillation.The composition of the essential oils obtained by the two methods and Artemisia argyi were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results show that the yield of essential oil by subcritical extraction combined with molecular distillation(0.25%)is much higher than that by steam distillation(0.13%).A total of 45 components were identified from Artemisia argyi leaves,42 components identified from essential oils obtained by subcritical extraction-molecular distillation,whereas 37 components were identified from essential oils obtained by steam distillation.The components of the essential oil obtained by subcritical extraction-molecular distillation were close to that of Artemisia argyi leaves,and both of them have high content of Sabinene hydrate,while high boiling component of the essential oil obtained by steam distillation are significantly less than that of Artemisia argyi leaves and the oil obtained by subcritical extraction-molecular distillation.This method provides a scientific and reliable industrial production condition for the extraction of essential oils from Artemisia argyi and other plants rich in volatile oil components.