突发公共卫生事件下公众风险应对行为形成路径研究

Formation Mechanism of Public's Risk Coping Behavior During Public Health Emergencies

目的:研究突发公共卫生事件下公众风险应对行为的形成路径,为完善公共部门风险沟通决策提供参考。方法:采用扎根理论,收集以2020年2月1-29日为时间跨度,以湖北、四川、江苏3省为代表地区的新冠肺炎疫情的个人微博博文9421条,全面解构疫情下公众风险应对行为的形成路径。结果:凝练出751个现象定义、208个一般概念、54个一般范畴、14种主范畴、5个关系内属,并以此构建了疫情下公众风险应对行为的形成机制的理论模型。结论:疫情下公众风险应对行为的形成是一个“信息感知”的场域,其形成机理大致服从“信息刺激-风险传感-风险认知-行为决策-行为表达”的传导过程,即原始信息作用于个体响应与社会响应下的信息评价、情境卷入机制而抽取为风险信息,并通过风险感知、行为主体感知、自我需求感知的风险表征机制转换为感知的风险,进而驱动行为评估和行为制定的行为决策过程,最终形成以个体防护行为、公共防护行为、情绪反应为主要维度的风险应对行为。

Objective:To explore the formation mechanism of the public's risk coping behavior during public health emergencies,so as to provide references for improving the communication of risk decision-making of public sectors.Methods:Using grounded theory,we collected 9421 data from Weibo about COVID-19 in Hubei,Sichuan,and Jiangsu provinces from February 1st to 29th,2020.This study explored the formation mechanism of public's risk coping behaviors in public health emergencies.Results:This research condensed 751 definitions of phenomena,208 general concepts,54 general categories,14 main categories,and 5 relational categories,based on this,we construct a theoretical model of the formation mechanism of public's risk coping behaviors under epidemic.Conclusion:The formation field of public's risk coping behaviors is based on the pseudo environment,its formation mechanism is the transmission process of information input,risk sensing,risk cognition,behavior decision-making,and behavior expression.Specifically,the original information is extracted as risk information through the interactive channel between individual response and social response and the mechanism of information evaluation and context involvement.Then,it is transformed into"perceived risk"through the risk perception,actor perception and self demand perception,then driving the behavior decision-making process of behavior evaluation and behavior making,and finally forming risk coping behavior expression with the main dimensions of personal protective behavior,public protective behavior and emotional response.