对外直接投资能否提升区域创新效率

Does Outward Foreign Direct Investment Improve Regional Innovation Efficiency

本文根据内生技术进步模型从理论上分析对外直接投资对创新效率的影响,借助超越对数生产函数的随机前沿分析方法测算中国省际层面的创新效率,选取31个省(市、自治区)2003—2019年的数据,实证检验对外直接投资对中国区域创新效率的影响,识别对外直接投资影响中国区域创新效率的作用机制。研究发现,随着对外直接投资增加,创新效率不断提高,对外直接投资提升了中国区域创新效率。中介效应的检验结果表明,对外直接投资通过人力资本效应和对外开放效应两种渠道促进中国区域创新效率的提升。考虑内生性问题、更换创新效率的计算方法以及剔除异常值后,核心结论依然稳健。因此,要扩大对外直接投资规模,提高对外直接投资质量,进而激发区域创新活力、提升创新效率。

According to the endogenous technological progress model,this paper analyzes the impact of outward foreign direct investment on innovation efficiency theoretically,and uses the stochastic frontier analysis method of surpassing logarithmic production function to measure the innovation efficiency of China's provincial level.Based on the data of 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in China during 2003—2019,the paper empirically tests the impact of outward foreign direct investment on China's regional innovation efficiency,identifies the mechanism of outward foreign direct investment affecting China's regional innovation efficiency.It is found that with the increase of outward foreign direct investment,innovation efficiency continues to improve,and outward foreign direct investment improves China's regional innovation efficiency.The test results of intermediary effect show that outward foreign direct investment promotes the regional innovation efficiency of China through human capital effect and opening-up effect.After considering the endogeneity,changing the calculation method of innovation efficiency and eliminating the outliers,the core conclusion is still robust.Therefore,it is necessary to expand the scale of outward foreign direct investment and improve the quality of outward foreign direct investment,so as to stimulate regional innovation vitality and enhance innovation efficiency.