2019年青岛市中小学生近视现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis on status and influencing factors of myopia among primary and middle school students,Qingdao city,2019

目的了解青岛市中小学生近视现状,探究其影响因素,为有效控制中小学生近视率提供科学依据和政策支持。方法 2019年按照分层整群随机抽样原则,抽取青岛市市北区和胶州市中小学生进行视力检查和屈光检测及问卷调查,分析近视流行现状和影响因素。结果青岛市中小学生近视率为55.06%,近视率为:高中(77.65%)>初中(70.75%)>职高(65.15%)>小学高年级(51.20%)>小学低年级(20.32%)。发生近视的影响因素中,胶州市低于市北区(OR=0.26,P<0.01);女生低于男生(OR=0.69,P<0.01);在校每天做眼保健操3次以上低于每天1次(OR=0.63,P <0.05);高中生、职高和初中生分别是小学生的6.43、5.36和4.28倍(P <0.01),从不调换座位是调换座位2周1次的1.96倍(P <0.05)。结论青岛市中小学生近视率较高,应积极开展有效的干预措施。

Objective To understand the current situation of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Qingdao city and explore its influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis and policy support for effectively controlling myopia rate of primary and secondary school students. Methods According to cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling method,primary and middle school students were selected from Shibei district and Jiaozhou city of Qingdao city.Vision examination,refractive examination and the questionnaire were selected to evaluate the level of myopia and the influencing factors of myopia. Results The myopia rate of primary and middle school students in Qingdao city was55.06%.The myopia rate was:senior high school(77.65%)>junior high school(70.75%)>professional high school(65.15%)>higher grade primary school(51.20%)>lower grade primary school(20.32%).Among influencing factors of myopia,ORvalue of Jiaozhou city was less than Shibei district(OR =0.26,P <0.01),and it of girls was less than boys(0.69,P <0.01).ORvalue of students who did eye exercises more than 3 times less than 1 time was 0.63(P <0.05).ORvalue of the junior middle school students,professional high school students and senior high school students was 6.43,5.36 and 4.28 than primary school students,respectively(P <0.01).ORvalue of the students who never changing seats was 1.96 than who change seats once every 2 weeks(P <0.01). Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and middle school students in Qingdao city is high,effective intervention measures should be actively carried out.