动车组车顶高压电器箱三维有限元仿真及试验验证

3D Finite Element Simulation and Test Verification of High Voltage Apparatus Box on Roof of Bullet Train

动车组高压电器箱放置于车顶,内部集成了多种电气设备。但集成化的高压电器箱,使得箱内设备布局非常紧凑,可能造成某些设备金具表面电场集中,导致电晕放电。为分析动车组高压电器箱内部的电场分布情况,文中建立了高压电器箱的三维有限元模型。采用静电场和瞬态电场有限元方法,分别在额定工作电压和标准操作冲击电压下,计算了高压箱内的整体电场分布及其随时间的变化规律。为验证有限元仿真的准确性,进行了高压电器箱的电位测量试验。在额定工作电压下,测量了箱内高压隔离开关金具的悬浮电位;在操作过电压下,测量了箱外5个试验点处的电位。试验结果表明,在不同工况下,仿真计算和试验测量数据的相对误差不超过12.4%,建立的三维有限元仿真模型是合理有效的。文中的分析方法可为高压电器箱的研发及设计提供参考,并为后续的高压电器箱内部绝缘结构优化的仿真分析提供基础。

The high voltage apparatus box of bullet train is mounted on roof of the train in which many electrical equipment are integrated.However,the high voltage apparatus box with high integration keeps the layout of the equipment in the box very compact,which may cause concentration of electric field on the fittings of some equipment and lead to corona discharge.To analyze electric field distribution inside the high voltage apparatus box,a three-dimensional finite element(FE)model of the high voltage apparatus box is set up in this paper.The Finite element analysis of electrostatic field and transient electric field is adopted to calculate the overall electric field distribution in the high voltage apparatus box and its variation law with time at rated operating voltage and standard switch impulse voltage,respectively.For verifying accuracy of the finite element simulation,the potential measurement test of the high voltage apparatus box is performed.The floating potential of the fittings of high voltage disconnector in the box is measured at rated operating voltage.While,at the switching overvoltage the potential of five test points outside the box are measured.The test results show that,under different conditions,the relative error of simulation calculation and the test measurement is no more than 12.4%and the established 3 D finite element model is reasonable and effective.The analysis method in this paper can provide reference for the development and design of the high voltage apparatus box and can provide foundation for the simulation analysis for optimization of internal insulation structure of subsequent high voltage apparatus box.