香梨不同授粉技术对果实坐果和果实品质的影响

Effects of Different Pollination Techniques on Fruit Setting and Fruit Quality of Fragrant Pear

以初果期库尔勒香梨为试验材料,采用人工点粉、液体授粉和干粉喷粉3种人工辅助授粉方式,研究了不同授粉技术对库尔勒香梨果实坐果率、果实品质以及授粉用工情况的影响及不同植物生长调节剂配方对库尔勒香梨果实产量及品质的影响,筛选出最佳的人工辅助授粉技术及最终确定不同植物生长调节剂最优配方,以期为库尔勒香梨提质增效提供参考依据。结果表明:不同人工辅助授粉技术对果形指数、总糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物等4个指标影响不显著,但可以显著提高库尔勒香梨的坐果率和产量,其中液体授粉效果最佳,从经济效益来看,液体授粉的花粉用量和人工成本显著低于人工点粉、干粉喷粉。喷施不同植物生长调节剂配方可以显著提高库尔勒香梨坐果率和产量,而配方处理2、处理7、处理8、处理9对库尔勒香梨的脱萼率、单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量提高最为显著,处理8效果最佳,分别达到了75.83%、152.22g、15.00%、10.97%。

Korla fragrant pear in its early fruit stage was used as experimental material,artificial point powder,liquid pollination and dry powder spraying were used for artificial pollination,different pollination techniques were used to investigate and the fruit setting rate,fruit quality and pollination labor of Korla fragrant pear,and the effects of different plant growth regulator formulations on the fruit yield and quality of Korla fragrant pear were studied,in order to screen out the best artificial assisted pollination technology and finally determined the optimal formula of different plant growth regulators,to provide theoretical basis for improving quality and efficiency of Korla fragrant pear were provided.The results showed that different artificial pollination techniques had no significant effects on fruit shape index,total sugar,titratable acid and soluble solids,but it could significantly improve the fruit setting rate and yield of Korla fragrant pear,liquid pollination was the best,in terms of economic benefit,the amount of pollen and labor cost of liquid pollination were significantly lower than that of artificial spot powder and dry powder spraying,liquid pollination was the best artificial assisted pollination technique.The fruit setting rate and yield of Korla fragrant pear could be significantly increased by spraying different plant growth regulators,and the calyx shedding rate,fruit weight,soluble solids and total sugar of Korla fragrant pear in treatment 2,7,8and 9were most significantly increased.Treatment 8 had the best effect,reaching 75.83%,152.22 g,15.00%,10.97%,respectively.