贵州佛顶山国家级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及其保护研究

Diversity and Conservation Research of Orchids in Foding Mountain National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province

以佛顶山国家级自然保护区兰科植物为研究对象,采用样方结合样线法进行系统性调查,研究其种类组成与区系特征、分布规律、受威胁现状及发展趋势,以期为该地区兰科植物的保护以及保护区功能优化调整提供参考依据。结果表明:1)研究区有兰科植物48种,其中地生兰31种,附生兰15种,腐生兰2种;2)区系组成以热带成分和中国特有分布为主,具有热带分布向温带分布过渡的特征;3)研究区兰科植物种群密度不高,且空间分布很不均匀,水平分布呈现5个不同程度的热点区域,垂直分布以海拔700~1100m较为集中,符合“中域效应”理论分布特征;4)不同的植被类型分布的兰科植物多样性差异大,主要分布于常绿阔叶林至常绿落叶阔叶混交林中;5)保护区受到一定程度的人为活动干扰,需加强对兰科植物热点分布区域的保护。

Taking orchid plants in Foding Mountain National Nature Reserve as research object.A systematic investigation was carried out by using quadrat method combined with line transect method,and the species composition,floristic characteristics,distribution law,threatened status and development trend were studied,in order to provide a scientific reference basis for the protection of orchid plants and the optimization and adjustment of the function of protected areas in this area.The results showed that,1)there were 48species of orchids in the study area,including 31species of terrestrial orchids,15species of epiphytic orchids and 2species of saprophytic orchids.2)The floristic composition was dominated by tropical components and China-specific distribution,with the characteristics of transition from tropical distribution to temperate distribution.3)The population density of orchids in the study area was not high,and the spatial distribution was very uneven.The horizontal distribution showed five hot spots in different degrees,and the vertical distribution was concentrated at the altitude of 700-1100 m,which was in line with the theoretical distribution characteristics of‘mid-domain effect’.4)The diversity of orchids in different vegetation types varies greatly,mainly distributed in evergreen broad-leaved forest to evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest.5)The protected areas were disturbed by human activities to a certain extent,so it was necessary to strengthen the protection of orchid hots pots.