施磷量对滨海盐碱稻区水稻生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Phosphorus Application on Growth and Yield of Rice in Coastal Salt-Alkali Rice Area

以"盐丰47"为材料,采用小区对比试验方法,在速效磷含量相对较低的新建基地和速效磷含量相对较高的西安农场,探讨了不同施磷量对水稻生育性状、干物质积累量及产量的影响,旨在明确速效磷含量不同地块的最适施磷量,提高磷肥生产力。结果表明:在一定范围内,增施磷肥有利于增加水稻茎蘖数,确保足够的单位面积收获穗数。适当增施磷肥有利于提高净光合速率,增强水稻的光合作用能力,合成更多的光合产物,促进水稻高产。适当增施磷肥提高了干物质积累量、齐穗后干物质积累量占籽粒产量的百分比、颖花量、每穗成粒数,但增加到一定程度时这种促进作用将转化为阻碍作用,降低水稻产量。依据新建基地试验数据得出磷肥施入量(X)对水稻产量(Y)影响的函数方程:Y=-0.052X^(2)+12.563X+8967.9。结合当地水稻生产实际,速效磷含量相对较低的新建基地磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))的适宜施入量为105.00~120.80kg/hm^(2)。依据西安农场试验数据得出磷肥施入量(X)对水稻产量(Y)影响的函数方程:Y=-0.0944X^(2)+21.045X+10319。结合当地水稻生产实际,速效磷含量相对较高的西安农场磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))的适宜施入量为78.75~111.47 kg/hm^(2)。

Taking Yanfeng 47 as material,the effects of different phosphorus application rates on growth traits,drymatter accumulation and yield of rice were studied in the Xinjian base with relatively low available P content andXi’an farm with relatively high available P content by plot contrast test method,in order to determine the optimalphosphorus application rate in different plots with relatively low available P content and improve P fertilizer produc-tivity.The results showed that in a certain range,increasing P fertilizer was beneficial to increase tiller number andensure enough panicle number per unit area of rice.Appropriate increase of P fertilizer can improve the net photo-synthetic rate,enhance the photosynthetic capacity of rice,synthesize more photosynthetic products,and promotethe high yield of rice.Appropriate increase of P fertilizer increased dry matter accumulation,percentage of dry mat-ter accumulation to grain yield after full panicle,spikelet and grain number per panicle,but when it increased to acertain extent,the promoting effect was transformed into hindrance and reduced rice yield.According to the experi-mental data of the newly built base,the function equation of the effect of P fertilizer amount(X)on rice yield(Y)wasobtained:Y=-0.052X^(2)+12.563X+8967.9.Combined with the local rice production practice,the suitable applicationamount of phosphate fertilizer(P_(2)O_(5))in the newly built base with relatively low available phosphorus content was 105.00-120.80 kg/ha.According to the experimental data of Xi’an farm,the function equation of the effect of phos-phate fertilizer amount(X)on rice yield(Y)was obtained as follows:Y=-0.0944X^(2)+21.045X+10319.Consideringthe local rice production practice,the suitable application amount of phosphate fertilizer(P_(2)O_(5))in Xi’an farm withrelatively high available phosphorus content was 78.75-111.47 kg/ha.