吉林西部不同培肥方式对玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响

Effect of Different Soil Amendent Practices on Grain Yield of Maize Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Western Jilin Province

通过三年田间定位试验,研究不同培肥措施对吉林西部半干旱区玉米产量及土壤肥力指标的影响,为指导当地土壤改良及肥力培育提供参考。试验在吉林省乾安县赞字乡进行,设6个处理,分别为农民习惯(Tra)、增施有机肥(Tra+M)、深松(Tra+S)、增施硫酸铝(Tra+Al)、高量施肥(HNPK)和综合培肥(Opt)。研究结果表明:五种培肥措施中以综合培肥(Opt)处理效果最佳,增施有机肥(Tra+M)处理效果次之。与农民习惯(Tra)相比较,综合培肥(Opt)处理下玉米产量三年平均增加11.84%,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾平均增幅51.3%和41.4%,其中磷和钾增幅比例较高;土壤容重分别降低21.6%和14.4%,土壤三相比进一步优化。综上,综合培肥(Opt)措施通过0~40 cm全耕层培肥,改善玉米群体质量,实现玉米高产稳产。

Three-year field experiments in west semi-arid area of Jilin Province were carried out to study the effect of different fertilization modes on maize yield and soil fertility,which provides reference for local soil improvement and fertility cultivation.The experiment was carried out in Zanzi Township,Qian’an County,Jilin Province with 6 treatments,including traditional application(Tra),organic manure amendment(Tra+M),subsoiling(Tra+S),Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3) modifier(Tra+Al),high fertilizer application(HNPK),integrated optimize(Opt).The results indicated that the Opt treatment effect was the best,followed by Tra+M treatment effect in five treatments.Compared with Tra treatment,maize yields in the Opt treatment increased by an average of 11.84%over three years,soil available N,P and K at two soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the Opt treatment increased by 51.3%and 41.4%on average,among which P and K increased by a higher proportion.Soil bulk density decreased by 21.6%and 14.4%,the soil threephase ratio was further optimized.To sum up,the Opt treatment were full tillage fertilizer at the soil layers of 0-40 cm,then improve the quality of maize population to achieve high and stable yield.