居住证制度对农民工福利的影响--基于Sen的可行能力理论视角

The Impact of Residence Permit System on the Welfare of Migrant Workers--from the Perspective of Sen’s Feasible Ability Theory

农民工福利改善不仅是农民工市民化行为的主要动机,还是国家城市公共服务政策的落脚点。文章基于Sen的可行能力理论,在评价农民工福利水平的基础上,采用OLS和PSM方法实证研究居住证制度对农民工福利水平的影响。研究发现:农民工的总体福利水平处于较低水平。持有居住证对农民工福利水平有显著的正向影响,进一步看,持有居住证对农民工经济状况、防御性保障、精神感受和社会机会方面的影响较为显著。经过选择性偏误纠正以及变换被解释变量、核心解释变量和删除样本等一系列稳健性检验后,这一结论依然成立。异质性分析发现,持有居住证对Ⅱ型大城市、Ⅰ型大城市和特大超大城市农民工的福利水平均有显著正向影响,其中对特大超大城市农民工的福利水平影响最大,而对中等城市和小城市农民工的影响不显著。持有居住证对第一代和新生代农民工的福利水平均有正向显著影响,并且对第一代农民工的影响更大。持有居住证对"居住证福利增加区域"农民工福利水平的提升作用更加明显。

The improvement of migrant workers’welfare is not only the main motivation of migrant workers’citizenization behavior,but also the foothold of the national urban public service policy.Based on Sen’s feasible ability theory and on the basis of evaluating the welfare level of migrant workers,this paper empirically studies the impact of urban public service provision mechanism on the welfare level of migrant workers by using OLS and PSM methods.The study found that the overall welfare level of migrant workers is at a low level.A residence permit has a significant positive impact on the welfare level of migrant workers.Further,a residence permit has a significant impact on the economic status,defensive security,spiritual feelings and social opportunities of migrant workers.After a series of robustness tests such as selective error correction,transformation of explained variables,core explanatory variables and deleted samples,this conclusion is still valid.Heterogeneity analysis found that a residence permit has a significant positive impact on the welfare level of migrant workers in type II big cities,type I big cities and mega cities,among which the impact on the welfare level of migrant workers in mega cities is the largest,while the impact on migrant workers in medium-sized cities and small cities is not significant.Holding a residence permit has a positive and significant impact on the welfare level of the first generation and the new generation of migrant workers,and has a greater impact on the first generation of migrant workers.Owning a residence permit has a more obvious effect on the improvement of the welfare level of migrant workers in the“residence permit welfare increase area”.