人造肉对传统肉的可替代性:回顾与展望

The Substitution of Artificial Meat for Traditional Meat:Review and Prospect

人造肉作为传统肉类的替代品,被视为解决传统肉类生产引起的环境、健康和福利等问题的有效方案。目前人造肉生产技术中较为主流的有植物肉和培养肉两类。两类人造肉对传统肉的可替代性不同,主要表现在产品替代、消费者接受、既有利益集团反对和政府规制等方面。推广人造肉技术可能减少人类对传统肉类生产的依赖,有助于缓解日益增长的营养需求和逐渐恶化的生态环境之间的矛盾,但植物肉需要加强口感、质地、营养与安全性,培养肉需要解决产业化技术难点和消费者接受程度的挑战。

As a substitute for traditional meat,artificial meat is regarded as an effective solution to the problems of environment,health and welfare caused by traditional meat production.At present,plant-based meat and cultured meat are the mainstream of artificial meat production technology.The substitutability of the two kinds of artificial meat to traditional meat varies mainly in product substitution,consumer acceptance,opposition of existing interest groups and government regulation.The promotion of artificial meat technology may reduce human dependence on traditional meat production and help to alleviate the contradiction between increasing nutritional demand and deteriorating ecological environment.However,plant meat needs to strengthen taste,quality,nutrition and safety,and meat cultivation needs to solve the technical difficulties of industrialization and the challenges of consumer acceptance.