退役锂电池有价金属湿化学分离技术研究进展

Progress in Hydrometallurgical Separation and Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries

随着锂离子电池行业的快速发展,废旧锂离子电池数量将呈现爆炸式增长趋势,从废旧锂离子电池中资源化回收有价金属对经济和环境都具有显著意义。为了实现废旧锂电池过程中各种有价金属(锂、钴、镍、锰等)高效无害化分离回收,针对各种金属离子的湿化学分离技术进行系统性总结,介绍了各类技术在浸出液中金属离子分离的应用工艺和发展现状,主要包括化学沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、吸附分离法、膜分离法和电沉积分离法等。分析了废旧锂电池有价金属分离过程中各类技术优缺点、关键性问题和发展趋势,表明当前分离技术关键点在于有价金属性质相似导致提纯困难、分离试剂昂贵导致工艺成本加大等,各种分离技术发展趋势在于开发新型低成本、环境友好的分离技术。

With the rapid development of the lithium-ion batteries( Li Bs) industry,the number of spent Li Bs will show an explosive growth trend,and recovery of valuable metals from spent Li Bs is of great significance both in economic and environment. In order to obtain various valuable products with high purity from lixivium( Li;,Co;,Ni;,Mn;,etc.) during the recycling of waste Li Bs through wet chemistry,a systematic summary of the separation technology of various metal ions from lixivium were introduced. The application process and development status of metal ion separation in the lixivium mainly include chemical precipitation,solvent extraction,adsorption method,membrane separation,electrodeposition,etc. In this review,the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies were compared,and the key issues and development trends of the separation of valuable metals from waste Li Bs were discussed. The analysis pointed out that the key of the current separation technology is the difficulties in purification owing to similar properties of valuable metals,and the increasing costs by large amount of reagent consumption. The future separation technologies for different valuable metals should focus on the development of low-cost,environmentally friendly separation technologies.