行政训诫可诉性探讨

On the Action-ability of Administrative Admonition

行政训诫在实践中被广泛运用,并由此产生大量因不服训诫而提起的诉讼;当前的司法实践普遍认为行政训诫不具有可诉性,这使得相对人无法通过诉讼获得救济。司法机关认为行政训诫不具有可诉性的理由主要有二:行政训诫不属于行政行为,行政训诫不会对相对人的权利义务产生实际影响。但这两点理由既缺乏理论、立法上的依据,也与客观事实不符。在理论上,行政训诫可被解释为具体行政行为;在立法上,《行政诉讼法》为行政训诫的可诉性提供了充分的解释空间;在事实上,行政训诫会对相对人的合法权益产生直接影响、间接影响,即使按狭义“合法权益”的概念,这些影响也构成对相对人权利义务的“实际影响”。承认行政训诫的可诉性,符合行政诉讼受案范围不断扩展的趋势,契合相对人对不当训诫的司法救济需求,并有助于监督行政主体合法行使训诫权。

Administrative admonition is widely used in practice,resulting in a large number of lawsuits for refusing to obey the admonition.The current judicial practice generally believes that administrative admonition is not actionable,which makes the counterpart unable to obtain relief through litigation.There are two main reasons why judicial authority believe that administrative admonition is not actionable.Administrative admonition is not an administrative act,and administrative admonition will not have a practical impact on the rights and obligations of the counterpart.However,these two reasons are not only lacking theoretical and legislative basis,but also inconsistent with objective facts.In theory,administrative admonition can be interpreted as a specific administrative act.In terms of legislation,Administrative Procedure Law provides sufficient explanatory space for the actionability of administrative admonitions.In fact,administrative admonition will have a direct and indirect impact on the legitimate rights and interests of the counterpart.Even according to the narrow concept of “legitimate rights and interests”,these effects also constitute the “actual impact”on the rights and obligations of the counterpart.Recognizing the action-ability of administrative admonition is in line with the trend of the continuous expansion of the scope of administrative litigation,meets the judicial relief needs of the opposite party for improper admonition,and also helps to supervise the legitimate exercise of the right of admonition by the administrative subject.