中国农村居民收入分配中的机会不平等:2013—2018年

Inequality of Opportunity in Rural China:2013—2018

消除机会不平等,解决收入分配不公是构建体现公平与效率分配体系的重要举措。本文利用CHIP2013年和2018年数据对农村机会不平等问题进行研究,研究发现,第一,研究期内的农村居民收入机会不平等程度出现小幅下降,从2013年的24.4%下降到2018年的22.2%。第二,异质性分析显示,女性相对于男性,青壮年劳动力相对于老年劳动力,贫困县相对于非贫困县,机会不平等更为严重。第三,性别歧视对机会不平等贡献度最高,其次是年龄和区域(贫困县)因素,家庭环境影响最低。第四,农村机会不平等的间接渠道效应有所提高。女性主要面临与教育不公平相关的间接效应,男性主要受非竞争市场环境影响。第五,贫困县就业间接渠道效应跨期下降,据此推测国家"精准扶贫"政策有助于缓解由非竞争市场带来的就业机会不公问题。

Eliminating the inequality of opportunity and solving the unfairness of income distribution are important measures to construct a fair and efficient distribution system.This paper analyzes the inequality of opportunity(IOP)for rural residents by using the CHIP 2013 and 2018 This paper uses CHIP2013 and 2018 to analyze the inequality of opportunity(IOP)for rural residents and finds the following five conclusions.Firstly,IOP accounts for 24.4%of income inequality in 2013,and 22.2%in 2018.Secondly,Female IOP is higher than male,young and middle-aged labor force IOp is higher than elderly labor force,IOP in poor counties is higher than non-poor counties.Thirdly,shapley value decomposition shows gender discrimination makes the highest contribution for IOP,followed by age and region factors,while family circumstances contribute the least and the contribution continues to decline;Fourthly,we observe increasing indirect channel effect for IOP.Females are suffering educational inequality,while male are mainly affected by the none-competitive market environment;Finally,the IOP indirect channel decreases accordingly.Therefore,it is speculated that the national“targeted poverty alleviation”policy can help alleviate the problem of unfair employment opportunities caused by the uncompetitive market.