基于轨道振动特征的地铁钢轨波磨成因研究

Research on the Causes of Metro Rail Corrugation Based on Track Vibration Characteristics

研究目的:钢轨波磨是地铁线路中常见的钢轨伤损形式,本文以某地铁线路短枕式整体道床地段出现的钢轨波磨为研究对象,现场测试钢轨波磨特征和轨道动力响应,基于轨道振动理论和有限元方法,建立轨道结构频域分析模型,研究波磨地段的钢轨位移导纳特性和轨道结构模态振型,从轨道振动角度揭示钢轨波磨的形成原因,为地铁线路的设计及养护维修提供借鉴与参考。研究结论:(1)钢轨波磨主波长在40~80 mm之间,其通过频率为278〜556 Hz,60 mm左右波长最为显著,其通过频率为370 Hz;(2)实测的轨道系统垂横向动力响应在主波长通过频率278〜556 Hz范围内均有峰值,钢轨波磨的产生可能与轨道系统的垂向和横向振动有内在联系;(3)导致40〜80 mm波长波磨的轨道振动,在垂向上主要表现为310 Hz、408 Hz频率处钢轨和轨道板的扭转共振以及两者在341 Hz处的同向弯曲共振和449 Hz处的反向弯曲共振,横向上主要表现为钢轨相对于轨道板在304 Hz、370 Hz、439 Hz、522 Hz处的弯曲振动,其中370 Hz频率处钢轨相对于轨道板的横向振动是导致该地段60 mm显著波长出现的主要原因;(4)本研究成果可为地铁钢轨波磨形成机理的研究提供理论依据。

Research purposes:Rail corrugation is a common form of rail damage in merto lines.Taking the rail corrugation in a short sleeper monolithic track bed section of a subway line as the research object,this paper tested the characteristics of rail corrugation and the dynamic response of the track,based on the theory of track vibration and finite element method,established a track structure frequency domain analysis model,studied the rail displacement admittance characteristics and the modal vibration mode of the track structure in the corrugated section,and revealed the cause of the rail corrugation from the perspective of track vibration,to provide reference for the design and maintenance of metro lines.Research conclusions:(1)The dominant wavelength of rail corrugation is between 40 mm and 80 mm,and its passing frequency is 278〜556 Hz.The wavelength around 60 mm is the most significant,and its passing frequency is 370 Hz.(2)The measured vertical and lateral dynamic response of the track system has a peak in the main wavelength pass frequency range of 278〜556 Hz.The generation of rail corrugation may be inherently related to the vertical and transverse vibration of the track system.(3)Track vibration that causes 40~80 mm wavelength corrugation is mainly manifested in the vertical direction as the torsional resonance of the rail and the track plate at 310 Hz and 408 Hz,as well as the co-directional bending resonance at 341 Hz and the reverse bending resonance at 449 Hz,and in the transverse direction is mainly manifested as the bending vibration of the rail relative to the track plate at 304 Hz,370 Hz,439 Hz,522 Hz,in which the transverse vibration of the rail relative to the track plate at the frequency of 370 Hz is the main reason for the significant wavelength of 60 mm in this section.(4)The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the research on the formation mechanism of metro rail corrugation.