行政公益诉讼起诉要件研究——司法实践与制度回应

On the Prosecution Elements of Administrative Public Interest Litigation——Judicial Practice and Legal System Response

立法上设置行政公益诉讼起诉要件,目的在于限制案件受理范围、有效利用司法资源、防止滥用诉权、保障公益诉讼目标的实现。司法实践表明,现行行政公益诉讼原告起诉要件的法律文本规范与司法实践运作的实质需求之间存在某种张力,驱动从学理上对起诉要件的内在合理性进行重新阐释,以回应司法实践的迫切需求。鉴于行政公益诉讼与普通行政诉讼的差异,应当结合《行政诉讼法》第49条等规定,细化提起行政公益诉讼的条件。建议在总结司法实践经验和着眼于解决疑难问题的基础上,科学合理地将起诉条件细化为必备要件和限制性条件两种类型,同时设置相应的诉讼期限,以进一步完善行政公益诉讼原告起诉的程序性规定。

The purpose of setting up the prosecution elements of Administrative Public Interest Litigation(APIL) is to limit the scope of case acceptance, make effective use of judicial resources, prevent the abuse of litigation right, and ensure the realization of the goal of APIL. Judicial practice shows that there is a tension between the legal text standard of the plaintiff’s prosecution requirements in APIL and the actual needs of judicial practice operation, which necessitates the reinterpretation of the internal rationality of the prosecution elements from the theoretical perspective, so as to respond to the urgent needs of judicial practice. In view of the differences between APIL and ordinary administrative litigation, the conditions for filing administrative public interest litigation should be refined in combination with Article 49 of the Administrative Procedure Law. It is suggested that the prosecution conditions can be refined scientifically and reasonably into two types of necessary and restrictive conditions, on the basis of summing up the judicial practice experience and focusing on solving difficult problems, and at the same time set the corresponding litigation time limit, so as to further improve the procedural regulations on plaintiff’s prosecution in administrative public interest litigation.