社会科学在司法裁判中的运用原理与方法

Principles and Methods of Social Science Applied in Judicial Adjudication

法学界对于社会科学在司法裁判中运用的研究源于对以逻辑演绎方法为核心的科学主义在法学中支配地位的反思和以经验主义为核心的社会科学在法学中的兴起。为了确保进入裁判性事实认定领域的社会科学具有权威性和说服力,社会科学必须借助相应的证据规则。社会科学知识作为证据的准入标准经历了一个从普遍认同标准到科学有效性标准的转变。社会学解释方法和社会框架是社会科学在法律适用过程中加以运用的两种方式。社会学解释方法在法律适用过程中的运用应当以法律存在多种相互冲突的解释或存在"隐藏的漏洞"为前提,找寻法律概念所包含的肯定选项或者中性选项,并遵循比例原则和受到法律规范性质的约束。社会框架的运用必须以尊重本国文化传统和日常基本逻辑为前提,并结合其他因素,以充分发挥社会框架的效力。

The research on the application of social science in judicial adjudication in the law circle comes from the Reflection of the dominant role of scientism with logic deduction as the core and the rise of social science with empiricism as the core in law. Social science must rely on corresponding rules of evidence for the purpose that it is authoritative and persuasive when entering the field of judiciary fact determination. The admission standard of social science knowledge as evidence has gone through a transition from a generally recognized standard to scientific validity one. Sociological explanation method and social framework are two ways in which social science is applied in the law applicable process. The former should be premised on the existence of multiple conflicting interpretations or hidden "vulnerabilities" of the law, seek for the positive or neutral options contained in the legal concept as well as follow the proportional principle and be constrained by the legal norms. Judges must apply the social framework with respect to a country’s cultural traditions and the basic logic, while at the same time combine other factors to make social framework effective.