重庆市老年人多次跌倒发生率及相关因素分析

Incidence rate and related factors of recurrent falls among the elderly in Chongqing Municipality

目的了解重庆市65岁及以上老年人过去1年多次跌倒发生率及相关因素,为开展干预工作提供建议。方法在4个区县采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样抽取65岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查。多次跌倒发生率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,多次跌倒发生的相关因素采用多因素logistic回归分析。结果共计调查1607人,平均年龄(72.36±6.27)岁,168人过去1年发生过跌倒,跌倒发生率为10.45%,36人发生过多次跌倒,多次跌倒发生率为2.24%。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示民族(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.197~5.071)、是否使用拐杖/助行器(OR=0.344,95%CI:0.148~0.803)、自评健康状况(OR=2.125,95%CI:1.191~3.790)、是否患骨质增生(OR=3.269,95%CI:1.638~6.525)与多次跌倒发生率相关。结论重庆市老年人多次跌倒发生率较低,应针对危险因素进行干预,降低多次跌倒导致的伤害。

Objective To understand the incidence rate and associated factors of recurrent falls in the past year among the elderly aged 65 years and above in Chongqing Municipality,and to provide suggestions for conducting interventions against the falls.Methods A questionnaire survey was performed among the elderly aged 65 years and above selected from 4 districts/counties by using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method.The difference in the incidence rate of recurrent falls was compared by Chi-square test.The factors related to recurrent falls among the elderly were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 1,607 elderly persons were investigated,and their average age was(72.36±6.27)years old.168 elderly persons had a history of fall in the past year.The incidence rate of fall was 10.45%.36 elderly persons had a history of recurrent falls,and the incidence rate of recurrent falls was 2.24%.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that ethnic group(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.197-5.071),whether or not to use crutches or walking aid(OR=0.344,95%CI:0.148-0.803),self-rated health status(OR=2.125,95%CI:1.191-3.790),whether or not to suffer from hyperosteogeny(OR=3.269,95%CI:1.638-6.525)were associated with the incidence rate of recurrent falls.Conclusion The incidence rate of recurrent falls among the elderly in Chongqing Municipality was low.It is necessary to conduct targeted interventions on risk factors so as to reduce the harm due to recurrent falls.