“七律”“七音”考异——以《国语》和《左传》杜注为中心

Textual Research on Seven-Tunes and Seven-Note Scale:Focus on Discourses of Guo Yu and Zuo ZhuanAnnotated by Du Yu

在中国传统乐律学中,"七音"和"七律"并没有严格的区分。《国语》贾逵、韦昭注,即以"七音"解释"七律"。杜预为《左传·昭公二十年》"七音"一语作注,则援引《国语》"七律"的相关解释。杜预注释《左传》"七音",虽然沿用伶州鸠以"人神以数合"解释"七律"起源的方法,但对"七音"的起源却作出了与《国语》记载不同的解释。通过比较杜预对"七音"的解释和伶州鸠对"七律"的论述,可知在"七律(七音)"起源的问题上,伶州鸠用天文分野之说,杜预则以历法为依据。他们的解释都是以"人神以数合"的方式,在天象、历法和音律之间建立联系,显露了数字神秘主义的思想底色。

In the theory of tone-system in ancient China,there exist no rigorous differences between Seven-Tunes and Seven-Note Scale.In Discourses of Guo Yu which is annotated by Jia Kui and Wei Zhao,the annotators explain Seven-Tunes as Seven-Note Scale.Du Yu's invokes the relevant explanations about Seven-Tunes to annotate the term of Seven-Note Scale in Zuo Zhuan-20th Year of Zhao Gong.Although Du Yu continues to use Ling Zhoujiu's theory of Men and Supernatural beings Communing with Each Other in Harmony to explain the origin of Seven-Tunes,he gives a different explanation to the origin of Seven-Note Scale with that are recorded in Discourses of the States.Comparing Du Yu's explanation to Seven-Note Scale to Ling Zhouju's discussion of Seven-Tunes,we know that Ling Zhou uses the theory of Starry sphere Corresponding Men's World on the Earth to explain the origin of Seven-Tunes&Seven-Note Scale,but Du Yu's illustrates it by using calendar.The two kinds of explanations are based on the theory of that Men and Supernatural beings are in Numerous Harmony.Such relation is set up among the celestial phenomena,calendar and temperament.This shows the background color of the annotators'numerical mystic ism thoughts.