肠道菌群与腹部手术后胃肠功能障碍的相关性研究进展

Research progress on association of gut microbiota and postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients after abdominal surgery

目的了解肠道菌群与腹部手术患者术后胃肠功能障碍(gastrointestinal dysfunction,GID)的相关性及研究进展,为其发病机制研究、预防和治疗提供新的思路。方法通过检索中英文数据库中2000年1月1日至2021年4月2日期间的有关"肠道菌群""肠道微生物群""肠道微生态""脑-肠轴""胃肠功能""胃瘫""肠麻痹""肠梗阻"的文献,将最新的研究进展进行综述。结果肠道菌群多样性与腹部手术患者术后GID症状密切相关,肠道菌群通过对食物的代谢,产生5-羟色胺、褪黑激素、短链脂肪酸、琥珀酸、乳酸等代谢产物调节胃肠道运动功能和黏膜屏障功能。结论肠道菌群失衡与腹部手术患者术后GID密切相关,但目前发现的相关细菌代谢产物有限且相关作用机制需进一步阐明。

Objective To review the association of gut microbiota and postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction(GID) in patients after abdominal surgery and to provide a new idea for the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of postoperative GID in patients after abdominal surgery. Method The related and latest literatures were reviewed by searching the literatures on “intestinal flora” “gut microbiota” “intestinal microbial population” “brain-gut axis”“gastrointestinal function” “gastric paralysis” “intestinal paralysis” and “ileus” from January 1, 2000 to April 2, 2021 in Chinese and English databases. Results Gut microbiota diversity was closely related to postoperative GID symptoms in patients after abdominal surgery. Gut microbiota regulated gastrointestinal motility and mucosal barrier function by metabolizing food to produce metabolites such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, melatonin, short-chain fatty acid, succinic acid,lactic acid, and so on. Conclusions The imbalance of gut microbiota is closely related to postoperative GID in patients after abdominal surgery. However, the relevant bacterial metabolites that have been found are limited at present, and the relevant mechanism needs to be further investigated.