从近代化到近代性:日本新旧宪法的思想史解读

From Modernization to Modernity: An Interpretation of the Intellectual History of the Old and New Japanese Constitutions

日本从明治到昭和的成败轨迹表明,"近代化"在本质上并不等同于"近代性"。战后宪法之所以能成为区隔战前与战后的根本法界标,是因为政教分离、神道废止、国体解构、天皇虚位、主权在民等与封建性具有本质差异的近代性原则,首次在日本获得了学理和法理的保障。然而,日本政府之所以直到今天仍念兹在兹于未竟的"修宪事业",暴露出新宪法在"国体"和"天皇"问题上所存在的无法克服的法理疏漏。

The failure of the Meiji Constitution and the success of the Post-war Constitution reveal that "modernization" and "modernity" are not essentially equivalent. The Constitution constitutes a landmark in setting a demarcation line between the pre-war and post-war Japan in that as the fundamental law, it made clear such principles of modernity as the separation of religion and state, the abolition of Shinto, the establishment of a parliamentary monarchy, the symbolic status of the Emperor and popular sovereignty.These principles are fundamentally diff erent with feudalistic ones. However, the Japanese governments have tried many times, though failed, to amend the Post-war Constitution, fully revealing the existence of insurmountable jurisprudential omissions in the Post-war Constitution regarding the "state system" and the "Emperor".