母亲自雇对子代认知能力获得的影响

The influence of maternal self-employment on offspring′s acquisition of cognitive ability

基于"中国家庭追踪调查"项目(CFPS)数据,实证分析了母亲自雇对子代认知能力获得的影响。结果表明:母亲自雇对子代数列测试方面的认知能力存在显著的正向影响,而对记忆方面的认知能力影响更多源于遗传因素;母亲选择自雇对城市和农村子代认知能力的获得产生不同的影响,对子代数列和记忆测试两方面认知能力的影响也不同。由此得出如下政策启示:为打破母亲家庭和工作二选一的困境,使母亲更灵活地协调时间,政府应保障女性特别是母亲自雇后的相关合法权益,通过税收或社会保障等政策鼓励女性从事自雇活动;进一步均等化配置公共教育资源,加强对子代早期非义务教育阶段(即幼儿园阶段)公共教育资源的投入,促进幼儿能够获得公平机会提升认知能力;重视农村地区的发展,加大对农村地区公共教育资源的投入。

Based on the Data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS),the influence of maternal self-employment on the offspring′s acquisition of cognitive ability was empirically analyzed.The results indicate that maternal self-employment has a significant positive effect on the cognitive ability of the offspring in the series test,while the influence of the cognitive ability on memory is largely attributed to genetic factors.Mother′s choice of self-employment has different effects on the cognitive ability of urban and rural offspring,and the effects of the cognitive ability also vary in series test and memory test.Therefore,this paper obtains following policy enlightenments:In order to get rid of the alternative dilemma between family and work and facilitate mothers to coordinate time flexibly,the government should protect the relevant legal rights and interests of self-employed women,especially self-employed mothers,and encourage women to engage in self-employment by issuing relevant taxation or social security policies;further equalize the allocation of public education resources,strengthen the investment of public education resources for the offspring′s early-stage non-compulsory education(i.e.,kindergarten stage),and promote children’s access to fair opportunities to improve their cognitive ability;attach importance to the development of rural areas and increase the input of public education resources in rural areas.