小胶质细胞在缺血性脑卒中中的双重作用及机制

Dual roles and mechanism of microglia in ischemic stroke

脑卒中是全球范围内继癌症后导致成年人死亡的第二大病因,同时也是导致成年人伤残的主要原因,其中由大脑缺血引起的缺血性脑卒中占绝大多数。中枢神经系统的小胶质细胞在应对脑缺血损伤反应中发挥神经保护和损伤双重作用:一方面,小胶质细胞参与了脑卒中后神经功能恢复过程,包括促进炎症消退、细胞碎片清除、神经再生和突触重塑等;另一方面,小胶质细胞的过度激活加重神经损伤。本文简述了小胶质细胞在脑卒中后的激活机制,着重探讨了其不同功能对脑卒中后神经损伤和恢复的影响,深入探索脑缺血后小胶质细胞的损伤和保护机制将为脑卒中治疗提供新靶点和新策略。

Stroke is the second most common cause of death after cancer worldwide and a major cause of acquired disability in adults.Overwhelming majority of strokes are caused by cerebral ischemia and are classified as ischemic stroke.Microglia are the resident immune cells and play dual roles in response to ischemia injury in the central nervous system(CNS).On the one hand,microglia may contribute to tissue function recovery process by promoting inflammation resolution,cellular debris clearance,nerve regeneration and synapse remodeling.On the other hand,excessive activation of microglia aggravates nerve damage after ischemic injury.Here,we briefly describe the mechanism of microglia activation after stroke,and comprehensively review the dual role of microglia in neurodegeneration and regeneration after stroke.In-depth exploration of the cytotoxic and protective mechanisms of microglia will provide new targets and new strategies for stroke treatment.